Explainers

Find out more about which sources are used to generate electricity in the EU and how the price of electricity is set based on the merit order principle.

EU countries are working to fight climate change and achieve climate neutrality by 2050.

Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine caused severe spikes in energy prices across the EU in 2022. To avoid price shocks in the future, the EU reshaped its electricity market in 2024.

Find out how the new rules on critical raw materials will enable the EU to diversify its sources of imports and increase extraction, processing and recycling in member states.

Find out which countries supply the most gas to the EU and how much gas the EU imports.

Russia's war of aggression against Ukraine caused an unprecedented energy crisis in Europe in 2022. EU countries stood united and their response helped keep prices down.

With the REPowerEU plan, the EU wants to end its dependence on Russian fossil fuels by saving energy, diversifying supplies and accelerating the clean energy transition.

The EU is taking action to end Russian energy imports and reduce its energy dependency, while maintaining stable energy supplies and prices across Europe.

Which countries in the EU have terminals to import liquefied natural gas (LNG)?

The EU is working towards a sustainable, circular and European battery value chain. New common rules will give the EU competitive edge in sustainable battery markets.