Explainers

The Strategic Compass provides guidance and a common vision for strengthening the EU's security and defence policy by 2030.  

PESCO provides a framework for the 26 participating member states to jointly plan, develop and invest in shared capability projects, and enhance the operational readiness and contribution of their armed forces.

The EU protects its interests, citizens and values, while addressing security challenges such as attacks on underwater infrastructure, cyberthreats and risks posed by the shadow fleet.

The EU cyber defence policy aims to enhance cooperation and investments to better detect, deter, and protect and defend against  a growing number of cyberattacks.

The EU recognises the strategic nature of space and that space is key for the EU’s freedom of action and autonomous decision-making in security and defence.

The European Peace Facility (EPF) is an instrument aimed at enhancing the EU's ability to prevent conflicts, build and preserve peace and strengthen international security and stability.

Digitalisation brings opportunities, but also cyberthreats. To counter these, the EU has developed a cybersecurity strategy and has launched initiatives to strengthen security and resilience.