Explainers

The EU stands with the Syrian people. It supports a peaceful and inclusive transition in Syria, the respect for human rights and the country’s socio-economic recovery.

The EU has taken a number of measures to support the prosecution of Russia’s international crimes committed in and against Ukraine and to ensure that Ukraine and its people receive war reparations.

The EU and its member states are intensifying efforts to establish an effective, humanitarian and safe European migration policy.

Irregular migration in the EU: find out the number of irregular arrivals between 2008 and 2025 (infographic).

An overview of the yearly irregular arrivals and fatalities (2014-2026). Discover more in our infographic.

How many migrants arrive irregularly to the EU every year and what are the top nationalities of irregular migrants in the EU? Discover it in our infographic.

Bosnia and Herzegovina applied for EU membership in February 2016 and was granted EU candidate status in December 2022. Once the necessary degree of compliance with the membership criteria is achieved, Bosnia and Herzegovina can start accession negotiations.

VAT is crucial for EU member states' revenues and the EU budget, yet VAT losses remain significant. The EU is working to ensure a harmonised system while tackling fraud and modernising VAT through digitalisation.

The critical medicines act addresses shortages of key medicines to better meet patient needs and improve the EU’s resilience to health crises.

The EU is Brazil's second-biggest trading partner after China, accounting for over 15% of its total trade. Brazil is the EU's tenth-biggest trading partner.