Explainers

The carbon border adjustment mechanism ensures that non-EU producers face the same carbon costs as EU producers when selling goods in the EU.

The EU promotes sustainable and eco-friendly practices in food systems to protect the environment and people’s health while improving the food sector’s resilience.

Shifting towards clean energy is a must to fight climate change and an opportunity to increase energy independence.

Discover what the EU is doing to make maritime transport more competitive, greener and safer.

In an era of growing instability, the EU is acting with determination to strengthen its competitiveness, ensuring prosperity and security for its citizens.

The EU's industrial policy aims to strengthen the competitiveness of EU industry and to promote a more sustainable, resilient and digitalised economy that creates jobs.

Find out more about which sources are used to generate electricity in the EU and how the price of electricity is set based on the merit order principle.

EU countries are working to fight climate change and achieve climate neutrality by 2050.

Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine caused severe spikes in energy prices across the EU in 2022. To avoid price shocks in the future, the EU reshaped its electricity market in 2024.

The EU has developed corporate sustainability policies for businesses, with the aim of enhancing protection for the environment and human rights in the EU and beyond.