Explainers

In an era of growing instability, the EU is acting with determination to strengthen its competitiveness, ensuring prosperity and security for its citizens.

The EU's industrial policy aims to strengthen the competitiveness of EU industry and to promote a more sustainable, resilient and digitalised economy that creates jobs.

Find out more about which sources are used to generate electricity in the EU and how the price of electricity is set based on the merit order principle.

EU countries are working to fight climate change and achieve climate neutrality by 2050.

Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine caused severe spikes in energy prices across the EU in 2022. To avoid price shocks in the future, the EU reshaped its electricity market in 2024.

The EU has developed corporate sustainability policies for businesses, with the aim of enhancing protection for the environment and human rights in the EU and beyond.

Russia's war of aggression against Ukraine caused an unprecedented energy crisis in Europe in 2022. EU countries stood united and their response helped keep prices down.

The EU is committed to multilateralism, with a strong and effective UN at its core. The Council of the EU adopts the EU’s priorities annually at the UN and the UN General Assembly.

With the REPowerEU plan, the EU wants to end its dependence on Russian fossil fuels by saving energy, diversifying supplies and accelerating the clean energy transition.

The EU aims to improve transport connections between countries by funding infrastructure, encouraging greener travel and making sure different systems work well together.