Explainers

The EU and its member states are committed to ramp up Europe’s defence readiness and to boost their defence spending at a time of rapid geopolitical shifts and a radically changed security situation.

The long-term budget or multiannual financial framework (MFF) provides for the financing of programmes and actions in all policy areas, from agriculture and regional policy, to support to Ukraine, strategic technologies and migration, in line with the EU’s long-term priorities.

The Global Gateway is the EU's strategy to mobilise public and private investment worldwide between 2021 and 2027.

SAFE is an EU instrument providing loans of up to €150 billion to help EU member states make rapid and significant increases in their defence investments through common procurement.

How will the EU become more energy efficient? The EU is setting new targets for energy efficiency and savings.

The European climate law makes reaching the EU’s climate goal of reducing EU emissions by at least 55% by 2030 a legal obligation. EU countries have adopted new legislation to achieve this goal and make the EU climate-neutral by 2050.

The EU has introduced a set of rules to manage migration more effectively and establish a common European asylum system. This system ensures efficient and uniform procedures, and solidarity and fair responsibility-sharing between member states.

The EU is committed to safeguarding forests and improving their ability to withstand climate and environmental challenges.

The EU allows member states to use the national escape clause to give them additional budgetary flexibility to boost defence spending in response to rising security threats.

The carbon border adjustment mechanism ensures that non-EU producers face the same carbon costs as EU producers when selling goods in the EU.