Explainers

The EU's rule of law toolbox is designed to address situations where the rule of law is under threat or deteriorating, due to systemic violations or more isolated incidents.

The EU-Japan free trade agreement creates sizeable new opportunities for the EU's economy.

The EU can use article 7 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU) to deal with serious breaches of its founding values, including democracy and fundamental rights.

Chemical substances are fundamental for many daily activities and can be found in everyday products. Sound management of chemicals is therefore crucial to protecting human health and the environment.

The EU banking framework applies to all banks, other credit institutions and investment firms operating within the EU. Its aim is to ensure stability and integrity while maintaining public confidence in the financial system.

The protection of intellectual property rights (IPR) is crucial to foster investment in research and development, while promoting creativity and fair competition.

Overuse and misuse of antimicrobials are the main drivers of Antimicrobial resistance (AMR). AMR occurs when a micro-organism survives despite being exposed to medicines designed to inhibit or kill it. 

The EU and the United Kingdom are strategic partners that share common values and strive to strengthen cooperation in areas of mutual interest to meet the needs of their citizens.

The withdrawal agreement sets the terms for the UK's orderly withdrawal and includes measures to uphold citizens' rights.

The Windsor Framework adjusts the Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland. Both agreements have been approved by the EU and the UK and aim to avoid a hard border on the island of Ireland.