Migration and asylum

Every day, people flee their countries because of conflicts or persecutions.

To deal fairly and efficiently with those arriving in Europe, the EU has agreed on some rules and initiatives with third countries.

A group of migrants with rucksacks and bags walk together across an abstract landscape, symbolising a journey through unfamiliar terrain.

What is the EU doing on migration

Setting migration and asylum rules

The landmark reform of the migration policy aims to ease the burden on EU countries, where most migrants arrive

Establishing effective European migration policies

The EU works in close cooperation with third countries and agencies in tackling the causes and impacts of migration.

Attracting skilled workers

Legal migration benefits migrants by offering them work opportunities while addressing labour market needs.

Annual irregular arrivals in the EU

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Irregular arrivals in the EU have decreased significantly since the peak of the migration crisis in 2015.

In 2026, 64 067 irregular arrivals were registered so far. The breakdown per migratory route is as follows:

Central route: 19 411 arrivals
Eastern route: 24 239 arrivals
Western routes: 20 417 arrivals

Figures for the Western route exclude arrivals in Ceuta on 17 and 18 May 2021.

Notes: Figures for the Western route exclude arrivals in Ceuta on 17 and 18 May 2021. Due to the exceptional nature of the irregular arrivals recorded in Ceuta between 30 July and 1 August 2026, data for that period has not been included either.

EU migration and asylum policy

How do migrants and refugees arrive in Europe?

There are three main migratory routes to Europe:

Central Mediterranean
Eastern Mediterranean
Western (Western Mediterranean and Western African)

Migratory routes to Europe

EU support to refugees from Ukraine

A group of people of different ages, warmly dressed and carrying bags, walk together, overlaid on blue and yellow blocks evoking the Ukrainian flag.

The EU stands in full solidarity with Ukraine and its people. In response to Russia’s aggression, the EU has shown unity and strength by welcoming over 4 million people, who now benefit from a temporary protection status.

The EU works in close cooperation with third countries and agencies in tackling the causes and impacts of migration.