Migration and asylum
Find out how the EU and its member states are working towards an effective, humanitarian, and secure European migration policy.
Every day, people flee their countries because of conflicts or persecutions.
To deal fairly and efficiently with those arriving in Europe, the EU has agreed on some rules and initiatives with third countries.
What is the EU doing on migration
The landmark reform of the migration policy aims to ease the burden on EU countries, where most migrants arrive
The EU works in close cooperation with third countries and agencies in tackling the causes and impacts of migration.
Legal migration benefits migrants by offering them work opportunities while addressing labour market needs.
Annual irregular arrivals in the EU
Irregular arrivals in the EU have decreased significantly since the peak of the migration crisis in 2015.
In 2026, 24 839 irregular arrivals were registered. The breakdown per migratory route is as follows:
- Central route: 8 489 arrivals
- Eastern route: 8 427 arrivals
- Western routes: 7 923 arrivals
Figures for the Western route exclude arrivals in Ceuta on 17 and 18 May 2021.
How do migrants and refugees arrive in Europe?
There are three main migratory routes to Europe:
- Central Mediterranean
- Eastern Mediterranean route
- Western Mediterranean and Western Balkans Mediterranean route
EU support to refugees from Ukraine
The EU stands in full solidarity with Ukraine and its people. In response to Russia’s aggression, the EU has shown unity and strength by welcoming over 4 million people, who now benefit from a temporary protection status.
The EU works in close cooperation with third countries and agencies in tackling the causes and impacts of migration.
Latest explainers
Western Balkans route
The integrated political crisis response (IPCR)
How the EU helps refugees from Ukraine
Last review: 18 May 2026