Migration and asylum
Find out how the EU and its member states are working towards an effective, humanitarian, and secure European migration policy.
Every day, people flee their countries because of conflicts or persecutions.
To deal fairly and efficiently with those arriving in Europe, the EU has agreed on some rules and initiatives with third countries.
What is the EU doing on migration
The landmark reform of the migration policy aims to ease the burden on EU countries, where most migrants arrive
The EU works in close cooperation with third countries and agencies in tackling the causes and impacts of migration.
Legal migration benefits migrants by offering them work opportunities while addressing labour market needs.
Annual irregular arrivals in the EU
Irregular arrivals in the EU have decreased significantly since the peak of the migration crisis in 2015.
In 2026, 45 077 irregular arrivals were registered. The breakdown per migratory route is as follows:
- Central route: 14 272 arrivals
- Eastern route: 16 641 arrivals
- Western routes: 12 138 arrivals
Figures for the Western route exclude arrivals in Ceuta on 17 and 18 May 2021.
How do migrants and refugees arrive in Europe?
There are three main migratory routes to Europe:
- Central Mediterranean
- Eastern Mediterranean route
- Western Mediterranean and Western Balkans Mediterranean route
EU support to refugees from Ukraine
The EU stands in full solidarity with Ukraine and its people. In response to Russia’s aggression, the EU has shown unity and strength by welcoming over 4 million people, who now benefit from a temporary protection status.
The EU works in close cooperation with third countries and agencies in tackling the causes and impacts of migration.
Latest news
- MFF 2028-2034: Council agrees negotiating position on EU support for migration, border management and internal security
- EU countries agree to extend temporary protection for those fleeing Ukraine until March 2028
- European Council of 18-19 June 2026 - Invitation letter by President António Costa to the members of the European Council
Latest explainers
Irregular arrivals to the EU - 2008-2026
Migration flows: Eastern, Central and Western routes
Migration flows on the Eastern Mediterranean route
Last review: 10 August 2026