We use cookies to improve your browsing experience. Necessary cookies are required to support essential features of the Council's website. Optional cookies help us produce anonymous and aggregated statistical reports to better serve your needs.
With your permission, we will use cookies to produce aggregated, anonymous data about our visitors' browsing and behaviour on our website. We will use this data to improve your experience on our website.
Timeline - Council actions in response to the COVID-19 pandemic
2023
27 June
Council adopts recommendation to ensure smooth transition to WHO digital health certificates
The Council adopted a recommendation to ensure the smooth transition of COVID-19 certification system to a WHO global digital health certification network.
The recommendation encourages member states to join, follow and participate in the further development of the WHO global digital health certification network. Until member states are connected to it, and during the period until the end of 2023, they are encouraged to remain connected to the EU Gateway (the EU's existing digital infrastructure for the verification of certificates).
WHO takes up the EU system of digital COVID-19 certification
The World Health Organization (WHO) takes up the EU system of digital COVID-19 certification to establish a global system that helps protect citizens across the world from on-going and future health threats, including pandemics.
The WHO global digital health certification network integrates the technology developed in EU digital COVID certificates.
On 2 May 2023, the Swedish presidency has decided to deactivate the full mode integrated political crisis response (IPCR) for COVID-19. The IPCR for COVID-19 is kept in monitoring mode and matters relating to COVID-19 continue being handled in the EU health security committee and in the Council Working Party on Public Health.
Review of COVID-19 related measures applicable to travellers from China
EU countries reiterated the value of a coordinated precautionary approach to travel into the EU and will continue to monitor the situation in relation to COVID-19 developments.
In light of the recent epidemiological developments and taking into account the opinion of the health security committee, they agreed to review certain requirements for travellers from China into the EU. In particular, they agreed to phase out:
the requirement for a negative pre-departure COVID-19 test (by the end of February 2023)
random testing on incoming travellers (by 15 March 2023)
Council adopts new recommendations on travel measures
The Council adopted updated recommendations on travel to the EU and on facilitating free movement in the EU during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Under the new recommendations no restrictions on travel on the grounds of public health should be imposed by member states. However, the recommendations contain a number of safeguards in case of a deteriorating epidemiological situation.
EU digital COVID certificate: valid until June 2023
The Council and the European Parliament agreed on the extension of the regulation establishing the EU digital COVID certificate. On 28 June 2022, the Council adopted this regulation.
The current regulation is due to expire on 30 June 2022, thanks to the extension the certificate will be prolonged by one year, until 30 June 2023.
This will ensure that travellers can continue to use their EU digital COVID certificate for travel within the EU in countries where these travel certificates are still required. However, the regulation does not impose the use of such certificates on member states.
Two years after the pandemic began and one year since vaccination campaigns were launched in the EU, member states discussed updating their strategy for supplying and donating vaccines in order to address new challenges for COVID-19 vaccination.
The epidemiological situation is improving in Europe and worldwide, and vaccine supply is now exceeding demand:
in member states
in the countries that receive donations from the EU
Sharing vaccines with countries that need them remains a core objective of the EU’s vaccine strategy, but developing how it is put into practice will help make it more effective.
European Council reviewed coordination efforts in response to the COVID-19 pandemic
During the European Council on 25 March, EU leaders discussed the agreement on pandemic prevention, preparedness and response to be adopted under the World Health Organization (WHO).
Council gives green light to start negotiations on international pandemic treaty
On 3 March 2022, the Council adopted a decision to authorise the opening of negotiations for an international agreement on pandemic prevention, preparedness and response.
The intergovernmental negotiating body, tasked with drafting and negotiating this international instrument, will hold its next meeting by 1 August 2022, to discuss progress on a working draft. It will then deliver a progress report to the 76th World Health Assembly in 2023, with the aim to adopt the instrument by 2024.
Given that the COVID-19 pandemic continued to affect the level of rail traffic, the Council extended until 30 June 2022 the emergency measures put in place in October 2020 to mitigate the impact of the pandemic on the sector.
The measures give member states the possibility to provide relief from certain infrastructure charges for rail companies while ensuring a timely refund for infrastructure providers.
Due to the unpredictability of the COVID-19 outbreak, the decision was also taken to prolong until 31 December 2023 the powers of the Commission to adopt delegated acts, so that it can extend the measure if necessary, for a maximum period of six months each time.
Council updates recommendation on travel from third countries
On 22 February 2022, the Council adopted an updated recommendation on the temporary restriction of non-essential travel into the EU. The amendments introduced respond to:
the evolution of the pandemic
the increasing vaccination uptake and administration of booster doses
the recognition of a growing number of certificates issued by third countries as equivalent to the EU digital COVID certificate
According to the recommendation, the following categories of persons should be allowed to travel into the EU under certain conditions:
vaccinated and recovered persons
essential travellers
non-essential travellers from countries on the EU's list
The new recommendation will apply as from 1 March 2022.
COVID-19: travel from third countries into the EU (until 13 December 2022) (infographic)
2022
25 January
Council adopts new recommendation on COVID-19 travel measures
The Council has adopted a new recommendation on a coordinated approach to facilitate safe free movement during the COVID-19 pandemic.
This recommendation is in response to the significant increase in vaccine uptake and the rapid roll-out of the EU digital COVID certificate. It replaces the previous recommendation (2020/1475).
Under the new recommendation, COVID-19 measures should be applied taking into account the person's health status rather than the epidemiological situation at regional level, with the exception of areas where the virus is circulating at very high levels (dark red areas). This means that a traveller's EU digital COVID certificate should be the key determinant.
A common approach to COVID-19 travel measures in the EU (until 13 December 2022) (infographic)
2022
25 January
Council reiterated the European Union’s desire to step up its support for those countries most in need, in particular in Africa
During the General Affairs Council meeting on 25 January 2022, the Council reiterated the European Union’s desire to step up its support for those countries most in need, in particular in Africa:
by continuing to provide European support to COVAX
on a bilateral basis, in cooperation with partners
Member states agree to lift the emergency brake to allow air travel to resume with southern African countries
On 10 January 2022, member states have agreed during an integrated political crisis response (IPCR) roundtable to lift the emergency break to allow air travel to resume with southern African countries.
2021
26 November
EU countries agree to impose temporary emergency restrictions on all travel into the EU from Southern Africa region
On 26 November 2021, EU countries met in an emergency high-level IPCR roundtable to coordinate the EU response to the emergence of a new COVID-19 variant in Southern Africa called B.1.1.529 or Omicron.
Following the discussion and the input from the experts of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), EU countries agreed to activate the emergency brake in line with the provisions of the Council recommendation on the temporary restrictions on non-essential travel into the EU (2020/912).
EU countries agreed to urgently impose temporary restrictions on all travel into the EU from the countries of the region: Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa and Zimbabwe.
These temporary restrictions include suspending passenger flights from affected countries. Member states are also asked to discourage travel to these countries for EU citizens.
EU countries will keep the situation under review and continue monitoring the issue in the coming days.
2021
21-22 October
EU leaders call for further efforts to address vaccine hesitancy and facilitate free movement
During the European Council meeting in October 2021, EU leaders addressed some of the key aspects of the response to the COVID-19 crisis and called for further efforts namely on:
overcoming vaccine hesitancy, including by tackling disinformation
facilitating free movement within the EU and travel into it, and accelerating work with third countries on the mutual recognition of certificates
concluding negotiations on the Health Union legislative package
ensuring a rapid removal of obstacles hampering the global rollout of vaccines
As of October 2021, three out of four adults are vaccinated in the EU.
2021
5 October
Recovery: Malta's national plan approved
The Council adopted the implementing decision on the approval of Malta's national recovery and resilience plan.
Malta thereby got the green light for the use of EU recovery and resilience funds to boost its economy and recover from the COVID-19 fallout. Now, Malta can sign a grant agreement with the European Commission and receive 13% in pre-financing.
The Council adopted the third batch of implementing decisions on the approval of national recovery and resilience plans, allowing two more EU countries - Czechia and Ireland - to start implementing reforms and making investments.
Czechia can sign a grant agreement with the Commission and receive 13% in pre-financing. Ireland did not ask for a part of its allocated funds to be frontloaded.
Green light for EU recovery funds given to four more EU countries
The Council adopted the second batch of implementing decisions on the approval of national recovery and resilience plans.
Four more EU countries – Croatia, Cyprus, Lithuania and Slovenia – got the green light for the use of EU recovery and resilience funds to boost their economies and recover from the COVID-19 fallout.
The adoption of Council implementing decisions on the approval of the plans permits the member states to sign grant and loan agreements that will allow for up to 13% pre-financing.
Green light for first EU recovery funds to reach 12 EU countries
EU economic and finance ministers adopted the first batch of Council implementing decisions on the approval of national recovery and resilience plans.
12 EU countries – Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Luxembourg, Portugal, Slovakia and Spain – got the green light for the use of EU recovery and resilience funds to boost their economies and recover from the COVID-19 fallout.
The adoption of Council implementing decisions on the approval of the plans permits the member states to sign grant and loan agreements that will allow for up to 13% pre-financing.
EU leaders continue being vigilant in COVID-19 variants
EU leaders discussed the improved current epidemiological situation in Europe, welcoming the good progress on vaccination, while stressing the need to continue vaccination efforts and to be vigilant and coordinated, particularly in developments such as the emergence and spread of variants of concern.
They welcomed the agreements on the EU digital COVID certificate and on Council recommendations on travel within the EU and and on non-essential travel into the EU.
Considering the global situation, the European Council reaffirmed the EU’s commitment to global solidarity in response to the pandemic. EU leaders agreed to take forward ongoing work to help boost global production of and universal access to COVID-19 vaccines.
EU leaders pledge to donate at least 100 million doses vaccine doses before end 2021
EU leaders discussed the EU's contribution to the global response to the COVID-19 pandemic during the special meeting of the European Council on 24-25 May 2021. EU member states reaffirmed their support to countries in need and committed to donate at least 100 million doses of COVID-19 vaccines before the end of 2021.
EU leaders also discussed the improved current epidemiological situation in Europe, welcoming the agreement on the EU digital COVID certificate and calling for a revision of the Council recommendation on travel within the EU by mid-June.
The Portuguese presidency reached a political agreement with the European Parliament on the EU digital COVID certificate.
The aim is to facilitate safe and free movement during the COVID-19 pandemic by providing proof that a person has either been vaccinated against COVID-19, received a negative test result or recovered from COVID-19. The certificate, which will be in use by 1 July, will be available in digital and paper format, contain a QR code and be issued free of charge. It is not a precondition for exercising free movement rights and it is not a travel document.
EU ambassadors endorsed the agreement on 21 May 2021.
EU supports start of WHO process for a treaty on pandemics
The Council adopted a decision to support the launch of negotiations for an international treaty on the fight against pandemics. The objective of the Council decision is to ensure the participation of the EU in the negotiations addressing matters falling within EU competence, in view of the EU's possible accession to the treaty.
The proposal to conclude a treaty on pandemics is to be discussed at the World Health Assembly. Such a treaty would be included in the context of international efforts to reinforce global health security, in particular on preparedness and response to health emergencies, in light of lessons learnt from the pandemic.
EU countries agreed a mandate on Digital Green Certificate
EU ambassadors agreed a mandate for negotiations with the European Parliament on the proposal for a Digital Green Certificate.
This certificate will facilitate safe and free movement during the COVID-19 pandemic by providing proof that a person has either been vaccinated against COVID-19, received a negative test result or recovered from COVID-19.
The legal framework of the Digital Green Certificate consists of two legislative proposals. The first concerns EU citizens and members of their families and the second concerns third-country nationals legally staying or legally residing in the territory of a member state.
According to these proposals, it will be possible to use the certificate across all EU member state. It will also be introduced in Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland. The Digital Green Certificate will also be open to initiatives being developed globally.
The European Parliament is expected to adopt its position at its plenary on 26-29 April, negotiations to finalise the legislation will start immediately after. EU countries want the framework to be ready by summer 2021.
EU countries to share extra doses of vaccines with member states most in need
EU ambassadors agreed on a Portuguese presidency's proposal on the allocation of 10 million doses of the BioNTech-Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine in the second quarter of 2021. Under the agreement, 5 countries: Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, Latvia and Slovakia will receive a pro-rata share of 10 million doses and an additional 2.85 million doses as "solidarity vaccines".
EU leaders call for intensified efforts on the roll-out of vaccines
EU leaders met via video conference to discuss the current situation regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. They insisted on the need to urgently accelerate the authorisation, production and distribution of vaccines, as well as vaccination campaigns.
As the epidemiological situation stays serious, EU leaders agreed to keep restrictions in place for the time being, including on non-essential travel.
Looking ahead, agreed that preparations should nevertheless start on a common approach to the gradual lifting of restrictions, to ensure that efforts are coordinated when possible to ease the current measures. They called for legislative and technical work on COVID-19 interoperable digital certificates, based on the Commission proposal, to be taken forward as a matter of urgency.
Leaders also reaffirmed their commitment to international solidarity and to the global efforts to universal access to COVID-19 vaccines. They also agreed to take forward the setting up an EU vaccine-sharing mechanism, to complement and support COVAX in the distribution of vaccines to partners worldwide.
Fourth COVID-19 vaccine authorised for use in the EU
The EU granted a conditional marketing authorisation for the COVID‑19 vaccine developed by Janssen (Johnson & Johnson), the fourth COVID-19 vaccine authorised for use in EU countries. This authorisation follows a positive scientific recommendation based on a thorough assessment of the safety, effectiveness and quality of the vaccine by the European Medicines Agency.
The Janssen viral vector vaccine is the first COVID-19 vaccine which can be used with a single dose.
EU leaders insist on the need to urgently step up efforts to accelerate the provision of vaccines
EU leaders discussed the current situation regarding the COVID-19 pandemic and preparedness for health threats. They insisted on the need to urgently accelerate the authorisation, production and distribution of vaccines, as well as vaccination campaigns.
In light of the new variants, EU leaders agreed to keep restrictions on non-essential travel for the time being.
Leaders called to continue work on a common approach to vaccination certificates. They will come back to this issue.
Furthermore, they invited the Commission to present by June 2021 a report on the lessons learned so far from the pandemic, with a view to strengthening the EU’s resilience to health threats.
Leaders also reaffirmed their solidarity with third countries and discussed ways to reinforce global health cooperation, which is essential to address current and future health threats. They want to strengthen the World Health Organization and work towards an international treaty on pandemics within its framework.
EU leaders: our top priority is speeding up the production of vaccines and vaccination campaigns
2021
15 February
COVID-19 transport measures: Council signs off on slots and licences
The Council adopted two sets of temporary rules to support the transport sector, which continues to be heavily impacted by the pandemic.
Relief from airport slot use requirements will protect airlines and prevent the environmental harm that would be caused by running empty flights merely for the sake of keeping the slots for the next year. The new rules will be in place in time for the start of the 2021 summer season and follow on from a full slot waiver applicable in summer 2020 and winter 2020-2021.
An extension of the possibility to temporarily prolong the validity of driving licences, roadworthiness tests and other specific licences, certificates and authorisations will help transport operators and citizens who are unable to fulfil certain administrative requirements because of COVID-19 restrictions. The first set of rules on licence extensions was adopted in May 2020.
The Council adopted on 11 February 2021 the regulation establishing the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF). The €672.5 billion facility - the heart of the Next Generation EU recovery instrument - will help member states address the economic and social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
The Recovery and Resilience Facility is designed to also ensure support for the green and digital transitions, enabling EU countries' economies to become more sustainable and resilient.
In order to receive support from the Recovery and Resilience Facility, EU countries plans are asked to set out a coherent package of projects, reforms and investments in six policy areas:
the green transition
digital transformation
smart, sustainable and inclusive growth and jobs
social and territorial cohesion
health and resilience
policies for the next generation, including education and skills
EU countries have until 30 April 2021, as a rule, to submit their national recovery and resilience plans setting out their reform and investment agendas until 2026. The regulation is expected to enter into force on 19 February 2021, after publication in the EU's official journal.
COVID-19 transport measures: Coreper approves mandate to extend temporary flexibility for licences
Member states' ambassadors agreed on a negotiating mandate for renewing temporary measures to help transport operators and citizens who are unable to fulfil certain administrative requirements because of COVID-19 measures taken in the member states. The proposal extends the possibility of temporarily prolonging the validity of specific certificates, licences and authorisations in the areas of road, rail and inland waterways transport as well as maritime security. It followed on from similar rules adopted in May 2020.
The proposal concerns the extension by 10 months of the validity of certificates, licences and authorisations with expiry dates falling between 1 September 2020 and 30 June 2021.
Council updates recommendation on non-essential travel to the EU
The Council updated its recommendation on temporary restrictions on non-essential travel into the EU and the possible lifting of such restrictions.
The new rules introduce additional criteria for determining the countries for which the restrictions on non-essential travel should be lifted, such as COVID-19 testing positivity rate and the presence of virus variants of concern. Transport and frontier workers should be exempted from certain travel measures.
The recommendation was first adopted on 30 June 2020.
Council updates recommendation on COVID-19 travel measures
The Council adopted an updated recommendation on a coordinated approach to COVID-19 travel measures within the EU in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. These updated measures are a coordinated response to the rise in infections and the risks posed by the more transmissible new variants of the virus within and outside the EU.
Under the updated recommendation, a new colour (dark red) should be added to existing categories of green, orange, red and grey in the weekly map published by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC).
2021
29 January
EU authorises third COVID-19 vaccine for use in the EU
The EU granted a conditional marketing authorisation for the COVID‑19 vaccine developed by AstraZeneca, the third COVID-19 vaccine authorised for use in EU countries. This authorisation follows a positive scientific recommendation based on a thorough assessment of the safety, effectiveness and quality of the vaccine by the European Medicines Agency.
Lifting of travel restrictions: Council reviews the list of third countries
Following a review under the recommendation on the gradual lifting of the temporary restrictions on non-essential travel into the EU, the Council updated again the list of third countries for which travel restrictions should be lifted. As established in the Council recommendation, this list will continue to be reviewed regularly and, as the case may be, updated.
New COVID-19 slot relief to help airlines and avoid ghost flights: Council adopts mandate
Member states' ambassadors agreed on a negotiating mandate for granting airlines relief from airport slot use requirements for summer 2021, while taking initial measures to start relaunching the industry and encourage competition. The new rules will also give flexibility to adapt to different scenarios and allow for measures to be taken up to the summer 2022 scheduling period.
Under the general EU airport slot requirements, airlines must use at least 80% of their take-off and landing slots in order to keep them the following year. The Council text grants airlines the possibility to return 50% of their slot series but expects them to use at least 50% of the remaining slots.
Second safe and effective vaccine against COVID-19 authorised
The EU granted a conditional marketing authorisation for the COVID‑19 vaccine developed by Moderna, the second COVID-19 vaccine authorised for use in EU countries. This authorisation follows a positive scientific recommendation based on a thorough assessment of the safety, effectiveness and quality of the vaccine by the European Medicines Agency.
Council and Parliament reach provisional agreement on the Recovery and Resilience Facility
The German presidency of the Council and the European Parliament's negotiators reached a provisional agreement on the Recovery and Resilience Facility.
With a financial envelope of €672.5 billion, the facility is the centrepiece of the Next Generation EU recovery instrument. It will support public investments and reforms in member states, helping them to address the economic and social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the challenges posed by the green and digital transitions. At least 37% of each plan’s allocation has to support the green transition and at least 20% the digital transformation.
The provisional agreement will now be submitted to the Council and the Parliament for endorsement.
Following the European Parliament's consent on 16 December 2020, the Council adopted the regulation laying down the EU's multiannual financial framework (MFF) for 2021-2027.
The regulation provides for a long-term budget of €1 074.3 billion for the EU27 in 2018 prices, including the integration of the European Development Fund. Together with the Next Generation EU recovery instrument of €750 billion, it will allow the EU to provide an unprecedented €1.8 trillion of funding over the coming years to support recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and the EU's long-term priorities across different policy areas, including health.
With a total budget of €5.1 billion, the new reinforced EU4Health programme provides a strong basis for the action in the health field based on lessons learned during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Multiannual financial framework 2021-2027 and Next Generation EU (infographic)
2020
17 December
Lifting of travel restrictions: Council reviews the list of third countries
Following a review under the recommendation on the gradual lifting of the temporary restrictions on non-essential travel into the EU, the Council updated again the list of third countries for which travel restrictions should be lifted. As established in the Council recommendation, this list will continue to be reviewed regularly and, as the case may be, updated.
Council calls for strengthening resilience and countering hybrid threats, including disinformation
The Council adopted conclusions which call for further enhanced responses at EU level to counter hybrid threats, including disinformation, and strengthening resilience. The Council noted that new technologies and crises, such as the ongoing pandemic, offer opportunities for hostile actors to expand their interference activities. These pose an additional challenge for the member states and the EU institutions, besides the crisis itself.
The Council acknowledged that the COVID-19 pandemic makes the EU and its member states more vulnerable to hybrid threats. Such threats include the increased spread of disinformation and manipulative interference. Addressing such threats, in particular malicious cyber activities, disinformation and threats to economic security, requires a comprehensive approach involving effective cooperation and coordination.
Meeting in Brussels at the European summit, EU leaders warned against relaxing and relenting in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. "The epidemiological situation in Europe remains worrying, even though the considerable efforts made by all are starting to yield results", they said and called for further efforts as the only way to prevent next waves of contagion.
Leaders also agreed to strengthen the coordination at EU level, in particular on testing strategies and on the gradual lifting of restrictions.
As the first vaccines undergo the EU authorisation process, leaders highlighted the importance of preparations for the timely deployment and distribution of vaccines in the EU.
"Vaccination should be considered as a public good," EU leaders said in the conclusions, and reiterated their commitment to providing countries worldwide equitable access to safe and effective vaccines, including via the COVAX facility.
COVID-19: EU coordination for safe and effective vaccination (infographic)
2020
8 December
Transport: updates on passenger locator forms, air passenger rights and crew changes crisis
During an informal video conference of EU transport ministers, the Commission provided an update on the exchange platform for air passenger locator forms which help member states undertake risk assessments of arrivals and enable contact tracing in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and urged member states to participate in the pilot project run by the EU aviation safety agency (EASA). The Commission also briefed ministers on the crew change crisis in the shipping sector caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
The presidency updated ministers on the state of play of the impact of COVID-19 on air passengers’ rights.
EU adopts VAT relief for COVID-19 vaccines and testing kits
To facilitate access to COVID-19 vaccines and testing kits, the EU adopted new rules to allow member states to exempt hospitals and medical practitioners from VAT on vaccines, testing kits and closely related services. The measures only concern COVID-19 vaccines authorised by the Commission or by the member states and COVID-19 test kits that comply with the applicable EU legislation. The rule will apply until 31 December 2022.
EU and Australia cooperate closely on COVID-19 response and recovery
At a virtual leaders' meeting, Charles Michel, President of the European Council, Ursula von der Leyen, President of the European Commission, and Scott Morrison, Prime Minister of Australia, highlighted their resolve to work together to fight the COVID-19 pandemic, and to take effective measures to protect health and build more innovative, sustainable, inclusive and resilient economies.
The leaders reaffirmed their commitment to ensure universal, equitable and early access to safe, effective and affordable COVID-19 vaccines, diagnostics and therapeutics. They stressed the importance of continued international support for the Access to COVID-19 tools (ACT) Accelerator and its COVAX Facility. They also agreed to strengthen bilateral research and innovation cooperation and to share research data to combat the pandemic.
The leaders welcomed the outcomes of the G20 summit on 21 and 22 November. The EU and Australia are stepping up cooperation on post-pandemic socio-economic recovery and are implementing the G20 Action Plan. They will also continue to work together to strengthen the World Health Organization and global preparedness and response to health emergencies.
G20 summit: leaders commit to multilateral cooperation on COVID-19 response
At a virtual summit hosted by Saudi Arabia, G20 leaders discussed how to tackle together the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, finance the development and deployment of a vaccine, and continue the support to citizens and businesses struggling to cope with the aftermath of the pandemic.
Charles Michel, President of the European Council, and Ursula von der Leyen, President of the European Commission, represented the EU at the summit. They called on the G20 to provide, before the end of 2020, an urgently needed $4.5 billion for mass procurement and delivery of COVID-19 tools. President Michel also proposed an initiative to ensure a better global response to future pandemics.
An international treaty on pandemics could help us respond more quickly and in a more coordinated manner when pandemics occur. It should be negotiated with all UN organisations and agencies, in particular the WHO. The WHO must remain the cornerstone of global coordination against health emergencies.
Charles Michel, President of the European Council
To support the most fragile countries in their COVID-19 response, G20 leaders committed to allowing countries eligible under the G20 Debt Service Suspension Initiative (DSSI) to suspend official bilateral debt service payments until June 2021. They also endorsed the "Common Framework for Debt Treatments beyond the DSSI", which is also endorsed by the Paris Club.
EU leaders step up coordination on mutual recognition of tests and vaccines deployment
Meeting via video conference EU leaders agreed to further strengthen coordination against the COVID-19 pandemic. They focused in particular on mutual recognition of tests, vaccine deployment and a common approach to lifting restrictive measures.
EU leaders discussed how to develop a common EU approach for the use of rapid antigen tests, which are complementary to PCR testing. Leaders stressed the need to work towards mutual recognition of tests and their results. They also talked about national testing strategies and exchanged best practices.
They also agreed to speed up the preparations of national vaccination plans to ensure vaccines are available and affordable to all EU citizens, once authorised.
On lifting containment measures EU heads of state or government highlighted that it should be done gradually to avoid the risk of a resurgence of the virus.
COVID-19 has a devastating human cost. There are family and friends behind all the numbers and statistics. Let's never forget that.
Charles Michel, President of the European Council
EU leaders will follow up on the COVID-19 coordination at the European Council meeting in December 2020.
German presidency publishes state of play report on EU coordination in response to the pandemic
To prepare the discussion of EU leaders on the EU's response to the COVID-19 pandemic at the video conference on 19 November 2020, the German presidency published a report on the state of play of EU coordination in response to the COVID-19 pandemic on 12 November 2020. The report sets out the ongoing work on different strands:
testing strategies and the use of rapid antigen tests
mutual recognition of tests
cross-border contact tracing
quarantine regulations
development, manufacturing and deployment of the COVID-19 vaccines
Political agreement reached in negotiations on EU's long-term budget and recovery plan
The Council reached a political agreement with the European Parliament’s negotiators on the next multiannual financial framework, the EU’s long-term budget. The agreement complements the financial package of €1 824.3 billion negotiated by EU leaders in July, which combines the next multiannual financial framework – €1 074.3 billion – and Next Generation EU, a €750 billion temporary recovery instrument (in 2018 prices).
With the regard to the recovery plan, the package agreed with the Parliament foresees greater involvement of the budgetary authority in the oversight of revenue under Next Generation EU.
The deal will be submitted to member states for endorsement together with the other elements of the next multiannual financial framework and recovery package.
Eurogroup issues statement on COVID-19 developments
The Eurogroup held a discussion on the economic outlook in light of the acceleration in the spread of the COVID-19 virus in autumn 2020 and adopted a statement.
In the statement, ministers took stock of the measures adopted so far, in particular the implementation of the three safety nets agreed in April 2020 for workers, businesses and member states. They also affirmed their commitment to continue working together on the recovery plan, Next Generation EU.
European leaders agree to speed up and increase collective effort to fight COVID-19
EU leaders met via video conference and discussed the need to strengthen the collective effort to fight the COVID-19 pandemic. They focused on testing and tracing policies, and on vaccines.
Leaders agreed that testing and tracing are key to limiting the spread of the virus and will help better control the situation. They exchanged views on how to advance a common approach to the mutual recognition, deployment and use of rapid tests. They work on the basis of the Commission's recommendation on testing strategies presented on 28 October 2020.
On tracing, EU leaders discussed the initiative on interoperability between apps put on the table by the Commission and work on a common Passenger Locator Form, which would also facilitate tracing. They also discussed the possibility of harmonising the duration of quarantines.
On vaccines, they stressed four main areas to develop cooperation:
Lifting of travel restrictions: Council reviews the list of third countries
Following a review under the recommendation on the gradual lifting of the temporary restrictions on non-essential travel into the EU, the Council updated again the list of third countries for which travel restrictions should be lifted. As established in the Council recommendation, this list will continue to be reviewed regularly and, as the case may be, updated.
EU4Health programme: Council agrees its negotiating position
EU member states' ambassadors agreed unanimously on the Council's position on the EU4Health programme (2021-2027). The programme is a strong response to the COVID-19 pandemic, but also maintains a focus on long-term EU actions in the field of health.
The programme is part of the long-term EU budget proposal for 2021-2027. The agreement reached by the Council will serve as a basis for negotiations with the European Parliament.
EU leaders agree to continue EU coordination effort to fight COVID-19
The European Council assessed the current epidemiological situation, which is unprecedented and gives rise to very serious concern. Leaders welcomed the progress achieved so far on overall coordination at EU level against COVID-19 and agreed to continue the coordination effort, in particular regarding:
quarantine regulations
cross-border contact tracing
testing strategies
joint assessment of testing methods
temporary restriction on non-essential travel into the EU
EU leaders further discussed the next steps to ensure the development and distribution of COVID-19 vaccines in the EU and also encouraged cooperation at global level.
This situation is unprecedented and we need to step up coordination and cooperation efforts between member states, especially on testing and tracing, quarantines and vaccines.
Charles Michel, President of the European Council
Council adopts recommendation on coordinated approach to travel measures
The Council adopted a recommendation establishing common criteria and a common framework on travel measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The recommendation aims to help member states take decisions based on the epidemiological situation region by region.
A common colour-coded map broken down by region will be produced weekly by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) with the data provided by member states on the following criteria:
number of cases per 100 000 population in the last 14 days
number of tests per 100 000 population carried out in the last week (testing rate)
percentage of positive tests carried out in the last week (test positivity rate)
Member states also agreed to provide clear, comprehensive and timely information to the public on any new measures or requirements, at least 24 hours before the measures come into effect.
A common approach on COVID-19 travel measures in the EU (until 13 June 2021) (infographic)
2020
2 October
Rail transport measures adopted by Council
The Council adopted emergency measures to help the rail sector in the difficult situation caused by the coronavirus pandemic. The measures give member states the possibility to provide relief from certain infrastructure charges for rail companies while ensuring a timely refund for infrastructure providers.
This temporary derogation from existing rules on levying charges for the use of railway infrastructure applies retroactively from 1 March 2020 until 31 December 2020, and can be extended if necessary.
European Council discusses latest issues around handling of the COVID-19 pandemic
The European Council held an in-depth discussion on the handling of the COVID-19 pandemic. It called on the Council and the Commission to further step up the overall coordination effort and work on the development and distribution of a vaccine at EU level. The European Council will come back to this issue regularly.
Council approves €87.4 billion in financial support for member states under SURE
The Council approved €87.4 billion of financial support to 16 member states in the form of EU loans under SURE – the EU's temporary instrument to mitigate unemployment risks during the COVID-19 crisis.
The support will help member states finance public expenditure incurred as of 1 February 2020 as a result of the use of national short-time work schemes and similar measures.
Financial support under SURE is granted to member states as follows:
Transport measures: Council agrees its position on temporary derogations in support of the rail sector
EU ambassadors agreed on a mandate regarding a proposal to give member states the possibility to help the rail sector by providing relief from certain infrastructure charges for rail companies, while ensuring a timely refund for infrastructure providers. These additional temporary rules, when adopted, will help to mitigate the severe effects of the coronavirus pandemic on the rail sector.
Lifting of travel restrictions: Council reviews the list of third countries
Following a review under the recommendation on the gradual lifting of the temporary restrictions on non-essential travel into the EU, the Council updated the list of countries for which travel restrictions should be lifted. As stipulated in the Council recommendation, this list will continue to be reviewed regularly and, as the case may be, updated.
Travel restrictions: Council reviews the list of countries for which member states should gradually lift travel restrictions at the external border
Following a review under the recommendation on the gradual lifting of the temporary restrictions on non-essential travel into the EU, the Council reviewed the list of countries for which travel restrictions should be lifted.The criteria to determine the third countries for which the current travel restriction should be lifted cover in particular the epidemiological situation and containment measures, including physical distancing, as well as economic and social considerations.
EU leaders agreed a deal on the recovery package and the European budget for 2021-2027
Meeting physically in Brussels, EU leaders agreed on a €750 billion recovery effort to help the EU tackle the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. €390 billion from the package will be distributed in the form of grants to member states and €360 billion in loans.
Alongside the recovery fund, they also agreed on a €1074 billion long-term EU budget for 2021-2027.
It was the first in-person summit of EU leaders since the outbreak of the pandemic.
We have reached a deal on the recovery package and the European budget. These were, of course, difficult negotiations in very difficult times for all Europeans. A marathon which ended in success for all 27 member states, but especially for the people. This is a good deal. This is a strong deal. And most importantly, this is the right deal for Europe, right now.
Charles Michel, President of the European Council
Vaccine against COVID-19: Council adopts measures to ensure swift development
The Council adopted a regulation which aims to speed up the development and the deployment of a vaccine against COVID-19 in the EU. The act provides for a temporary derogation from certain provisions of EU legislation on the deliberate release in the environment and the contained use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). It also aims to simplify the procedure for application for marketing authorisation for medicinal products containing or consisting of GMOs intended to treat or prevent COVID-19.
The regulation will apply as long as the World Health Organisation (WHO) has declared COVID-19 to be a pandemic or as long as an implementing act by which the Commission recognises a situation of public health emergency due to COVID-19 applies.
Council adopts temporary measures related to the European Citizens’ Initiative
The Council adopted a regulation extending several deadlines linked to the European Citizens' Initiative due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The temporary measures, which will apply until the end of 2022, give organisers of initiatives more time to collect statements of support in order to reach the required threshold of one million signatures from across the EU.
President Michel presents new proposal for EU's long term budget and recovery package ahead of European Council
The President of the European Council, Charles Michel presented his new proposal for the long-term EU budget and the recovery package, the so-called negobox. This proposal will serve as a basis for the leaders’ discussions at the Special European Council on 17-18 July 2020.
The goals of our recovery can be summarised in three words: first convergence, second resilience and transformation. Concretely, this means: repairing the damage caused by COVID-19, reforming our economies, remodelling our societies.
Charles Michel, President of the European Counci
Proposal for an EU recovery plan – key features (infographic)
2020
30 June
Council agrees to start lifting travel restrictions for residents of some third countries
The Council today adopted a recommendation on the gradual lifting of the temporary restrictions on non-essential travel into the EU. Starting from 1 July 2020, member states should start lifting the travel restrictions at the external borders for residents of the third countries listed in the recommendation. The list is based on the criteria and conditions set out in the recommendation. This list will be reviewed and, as the case may be, updated every two weeks.
Response to COVID-19 in the EU energy sector: Council adopts conclusions
The Council adopted conclusions on the response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the EU energy sector. Above all, the Council expressed its appreciation for staff in the energy sector for their dedicated and effective efforts to ensure the continuous operation of the European energy system during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The Council highlighted the crucial role of the energy sector in the EU's economic recovery and noted that the European economy needs to become greener, more circular and more digital while remaining competitive globally.
The Council further acknowledged the need for initiatives to support a robust recovery plan, towards an affordable, safe, competitive, secure and sustainable energy system.
Increased support for EU farmers affected by the COVID-19 crisis
The Council adopted a regulation which allows member states, as an exceptional measure, to pay up to EUR 7 000 to farmers and up to EUR 50 000 to small and medium enterprises (SMEs) active in processing, marketing or development of agricultural products or cotton, except fishery products.
The aim is to make use of available funds under existing rural development programmes to provide support to farmers and SMEs worst-hit by the COVID-19 crisis and to address the liquidity and cash-flow problems stemming from the closures of shops, markets and restaurants.
COVID-19: EU support to agriculture and fisheries (infographic)
2020
19 June
EU leaders discuss long-term EU budget and recovery plan to get out of the crisis
EU leaders discussed, via video conference, the 2021-2027 EU budget and a recovery plan to respond to the COVID-19 crisis. European Council President Michel indicated his intention to hold an in-person summit around the middle of July, to focus on concrete proposals.
Council conclusions: Countering the COVID-19 crisis in education and training
The Council adopted conclusions acknowledging the challenges caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in the education and training systems. The conclusions invite member states to examine possibilities for innovation and accelerated digital transformation, as well as for further development of teachers' and trainers' digital skills and competences.
Furthermore, the conclusions recognise the need to ensure inclusion and equal opportunities as well as access to high quality education and training for all.
Health ministers discuss new, reinforced EU4Health programme
EU ministers for health held a first exchange of views on the European Commission's proposal for a regulation establishing the fourth Health programme (EU4Health programme) for the period 2021-2027.
Ministers broadly welcomed the new EU4Health programme and its objectives. The programme is designed to make a significant contribution to the post-COVID-19 recovery, with a focus on strengthening the resilience of health systems, and promoting innovation in the health sector.
The budget of the new programme is expected to be about 25 times higher than the current Health programme (worth about €450 million for the period 2014-2020).
Council conclusions: shaping Europe’s digital future
The Council adopted conclusions addressing a wide range of issues related to the implementation of the EU digital strategy. The text highlights the impact of the digital transformation on fighting the pandemic, and its critical role in the post-COVID-19 recovery.
The COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences on our lives and economies have highlighted the importance of digitisation across all areas of the economy and society in the EU. New technologies have helped us all to stay connected, to work from our homes and to facilitate our children’s distance learning. They have been instrumental in keeping our businesses and public services running.
Oleg Butković, Croatian Minister for the Sea, Transport and Infrastructure, presidency of the Council
Employment and social affairs ministers discuss how to make labour markets more resilient in the recovery phase
EU ministers for employment and social affairs focused on the recovery and exchanged views on how to make national employment and social policies more robust and labour markets more resilient in order to overcome the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular they discussed:
flexible working arrangements, such as remote work, flexible working hours, and innovative ICT technologies
upskilling/reskilling as an opportunity to respond to the shifts of work caused by COVID-19, and also in the light of the ongoing digital and green transitions
how the protection and promotion of gender equality, especially in relation to vulnerable groups was addressed in the context of the COVID -19 pandemic
EU trade ministers discuss COVID-19 pandemic implications for trade policy
Trade ministers addressed the negative impact the COVID-19 pandemic has had on global trade, and the role of global supply chains in the recovery. In this context, the European Commission is expected to make a review of the EU's trade policy by the end of 2020, in order to ensure trade policy contributes to the post-COVID-19 recovery.
Team Europe global response to COVID-19: almost €36 billion mobilised
The amount mobilised by the Team Europe package now reaches almost €36 billion, including contributions from the European Commission, EU member states, the European Investment Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
These resources will be used to provide support to EU's partner countries to address the pandemic, with a specific focus on:
Home ministers discuss internal border controls and free movement of persons in the context of COVID-19
As the overall health situation improves, all member states are in the process of the gradual lifting of border controls and the full restoration of the free movement of persons which has been limited due to the pandemic. During the video conference, ministers responsible for home affairs agreed:
that the majority of member states would lift border controls by 15 June 2020 with others due to follow until the end of the month
that any remaining restrictions will be based on objective health-related criteria, non-discriminatory and proportionate
to continue coordinating closely and under the lead of the European Commission
to a unified approach to the gradual lifting of the restrictions on non-essential travel to the EU, which is not expected to take place before 1 July 2020
EU ministers discuss digital priorities in the post COVID-19 recovery
Meeting at their second informal video conference, EU telecommunications ministers held a policy debate on the EU’s digital priorities in the post COVID-19 era.
In the discussion, ministers were invited to reflect on:
the main lessons learnt from the COVID-19 crisis in the digital sector
how to ensure the EU’s competitiveness and digital sovereignty on a global scale
how to prioritise and increase investments in connectivity, data and digital technologies, such as artificial intelligence
A green and smart recovery for the transport sector
At their third informal video conference, EU transport ministers discussed a sustainable and digital recovery of the transport sector after the COVID-19 outbreak.
In the discussion, ministers were invited to reflect on:
initiatives and investments which are the most urgent for a green and smart recovery and which can make the sector more resilient
the best short to medium-term and long-term tools to meet these objectives
Ministers reaffirmed the importance of a coordinated approach for tackling the outbreak, applying the exit strategy and securing the recovery.
Sport ministers discuss how to restart sport activities safely
Ministers held an exchange of views about the next steps in addressing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the sport sector. They discussed how to contribute to the recovery of the sector and how to build resilience in view of unpredictable future developments. Ministers agreed that all sport activities should resume in safe conditions and stressed the economic and social importance of the sport sector.
Ministers discuss the role of space in the EU recovery
Ministers exchanged views on how to enhance the economic, environmental and social benefits of space applications. They discussed the contribution of space data, services and technologies to the sustainable development of the EU, and the recovery from the COVID-19 crisis.
Ministers draw lessons from COVID-19 crisis for future of research and innovation
Ministers exchanged views on the role that research and innovation should play in making societies more resilient to crisis such as the one caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
As regards the lessons learnt from the COVID-19 crisis, ministers broadly stressed the need for enhanced coordination of research activities, and for data and knowledge sharing.
European Council to discuss Commission’s proposal for MFF and recovery fund on 19 June
On 27 May 2020, the European Commission issued its proposal for a recovery fund and the EU's long term budget, the multiannual financial framework (MFF) for 2021-2027.
The President of the European Council issued a statement indicating he would consult with member states ahead of the next European Council scheduled for 19 June. In parallel, the Council would analyse and assess the proposal.
On 23 April 2020, the European Council decided to work towards establishing a recovery fund to respond to the COVID-19 crisis. It tasked the European Commission to urgently come up with a proposal, which would also clarify the link between the fund and the EU's long term budget.
President Centeno welcomes EIB agreement on safety net for businesses
Eurogroup president Mário Centeno welcomed the agreement by the Board of Directors of the European Investment Bank (EIB) on the new pan-European guarantee fund to support businesses facing the economic fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic.
The new EIB fund is one of the three safety nets, worth €540 billion, for jobs and workers, businesses and member states, put forward in the Eurogroup report agreed on 9 April 2020. EU leaders endorsed the report on 23 April, and called for the package to be operational by 1 June 2020.
The regulation on the safety net for workers, SURE (Support to mitigate Unemployment Risks in an Emergency), was adopted by the Council on 19 May 2020.
The safety net for member states, the European Stability Mechanism's (ESM) Pandemic Crisis Support, was approved by the ESM Board of Governors on 15 May 2020.
President Centeno welcomes the agreement by the EIC board of directors.
2020
25 May
Council adopts relief measures for aviation and railways
The Council adopted a temporary amendment to the rules on air services to support airlines and airports in the face of a sharp drop in air traffic due to the coronavirus pandemic. The Council also adopted an extension to the transposition deadline for the rail safety and interoperability directives of the fourth railway package to give the rail industry and the authorities flexibility and legal certainty in the current circumstances. Both legal acts are part of the transport emergency package presented by the Commission on 29 April 2020.
Ministers discuss recovery measures for EU tourism sector
Ministers exchanged views on how best to implement the European Commission's recommendations to safely resume travel and reboot Europe's tourism in 2020. The aim is to help member states coordinate the gradual lifting of travel restrictions and allow tourism businesses to reopen, while respecting the necessary health precautions.
Ministers expressed strong support for a number of principles that should govern the recovery, including:
Council adopts €3 billion assistance package for neighbouring partners
The Council adopted a €3 billion package in financial assistance to 10 enlargement and neighbourhood partners. The funds will be provided in the form of loans on highly favourable terms to help them cope with the economic fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic, and allocated as follows:
Albania: €180 million
Bosnia and Herzegovina: €250 million
Georgia: €150 million
Jordan: €200 million
Kosovo*: €100 million
Moldova: €100 million
Montenegro: €60 million
Republic of North Macedonia: €160 million
Tunisia: €600 million
Ukraine: €1.2 billion
*This designation is without prejudice to positions on status, and is in line with UNSCR 1244/1999 and the ICJ opinion on the Kosovo declaration of independence.
Transport: Council adopts temporary flexibility for licences and port services
The Council adopted temporary measures enabling the extension of the validity of certain certificates and licences in road, rail and waterborne transport, and relaxing the rules on charging ships for the use of port infrastructures. These measures aim to help companies and authorities cope with the extraordinary circumstances created by the COVID-19 crisis.
Youth ministers discuss impact of COVID-19 on young people
EU ministers responsible for youth held their first video conference to discuss the impact of COVID-19 on young people and the consequences on the youth sector, focusing on youth employment, mobility, mental health and wellbeing, etc.
Further they exchanged views on the measures taken so far to help young people to recover from the crisis, how to channel young people's resilience and solidarity in the context of the recovery strategy and how to engage with young people and youth organisations in order to prepare for possible future pandemic crisis.
Culture ministers discuss support to audiovisual, cultural and creative sector in the context of the EU economic recovery
EU culture ministers met, via video conference, to exchange views about the impact of COVID-19 on the cultural and creative sectors. The discussion was centred on the lessons learnt since the start of the pandemic. Ministers also focused on possible approaches for resuming cultural programmes and activities in the context of the gradual lifting of restrictions.
As part of its emergency support package to tackle the economic impact of the COVID-19 crisis, the EU has put in place a temporary instrument to help workers keep their jobs during the crisis.
Member states will be able to request up to €100 billion in loans under favourable terms to help finance sudden and severe increases of national public expenditure in response to the crisis in specific areas.
The European Commission will raise funds on international capital markets on behalf of the EU. SURE loans will be backed by the EU budget and guarantees provided by member states according to their share in the EU's GNI. The total amount of guarantees will be €25 billion. The financial assistance will be granted by a decision adopted by the Council on a proposal from the Commission.
Loans will become available after all member states have provided their guarantees. The instrument will be operational until 31 December 2022.
SURE (Support to mitigate Unemployment Risks in an Emergency) is one of the three safety nets, worth €540 billion, for jobs and workers, businesses and member states, agreed by the Eurogroup and endorsed by EU leaders.
The EU’s emergency response to the COVID-19 pandemic (infographic)
2020
18 May
Education ministers discuss national approaches on reopening of school and continuation of learning mobility
EU education ministers met, via video conference, to discuss the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on education and training across the EU, in particular in the context of the gradual lifting of containment measures. They shared information on the national approaches to:
reopening education and training institutions (including hygienic, sanitary and organisational measures)
organisation of final examinations and admissions to higher education
enrollment and conditions to resuming studies in the next academic year
EU brings home almost 600 000 EU citizens stranded abroad
EU member states joined forces in providing consular support and repatriating EU citizens from third countries. By mid-May 2020, the repatriation effort coordinated with EU support reached 625 000 Europeans abroad, and almost 600 000 EU citizens had been brought home.
I want to congratulate the Task Force and its members for an extremely efficient and professional undertaking. Your clear vision of the mission to be accomplished, meticulous planning and tireless round-the-clock efforts under exceptional working circumstances enabled more than 580 000 EU citizens to safely return to their homes in Europe
Charles Michel, President of the European Council
Eurogroup discusses priorities for the EU recovery
The Eurogroup met by video conference to discuss plans to relaunch the EU economy. Ministers also reviewed progress made on the economic safety nets put in place to tackle the COVID-19 fallout.
The groundbreaking political decisions taken in the Eurogroup a month ago are being translated into legal reality in record time. We have made good progress on the three safety nets: the European Stability Mechanism Pandemic Crisis Support is operational as of today, and the Council has reached an agreement on SURE (Support to mitigate Unemployment Risks in an Emergency); we have prepared the ground for an agreement on the European Investment Bank guarantee fund for businesses.
Eurogroup President Mário Centeno
Foreign affairs ministers discuss COVID-19 impact on the situation in Southern Neighbourhood and Middle East
Foreign affairs ministers had a discussion on the Southern Neighbourhood and situation in the wider Middle East, in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this context ministers expressed their concern about the socio-economic fallout of the pandemic, and agreed that the current crisis is an opportunity to reflect on the EU's relations with the region in the medium and long term.
Council reaches political agreement on safety net for jobs and workers
On 15 May 2020, EU ambassadors reached a political agreement on SURE, a temporary instrument to help workers keep their jobs during the crisis. Formal adoption is expected by 19 May 2020.
Member states will be able to request up to €100 billion in loans under favourable terms to help finance sudden and severe increases of national public expenditure in response to the crisis in specific areas.
SURE (Support to mitigate Unemployment Risks in an Emergency) is one of the three safety nets, worth €540 billion, for jobs and workers, businesses and member states, agreed by the Eurogroup and endorsed by EU leaders.
2020
13 May
EU agriculture and fisheries ministers discuss current and future measures to limit COVID-19 impact
The Croatian presidency organised a second video conference of EU ministers responsible for agriculture and fisheries to take stock of the measures taken so far to counter the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the sectors.
Ministers identified additional areas where support is needed. Many ministers called for a robust Common Agricultural Policy budget post-2020.
COVID-19: EU support to agriculture and fisheries (infographic)
2020
12 May
EU ministers discuss security and defence implications of COVID-19 pandemic
Defence ministers focused on the crucial role the armed forces played in supporting civilian actors and providing cross-border support. They also underlined the need to heighten preparedness and resilience going forward by conducting exercises, strengthening work on cybersecurity and countering hybrid threats, including enhancing efforts to counter disinformation.
Health ministers highlight importance of access to medicines within the COVID-19 context
EU ministers for health held a video conference on the availability of medicines across the EU in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The debate was also an opportunity for ministers to provide input into the development of a pharmaceutical strategy for Europe.
Eurogroup agrees deal on emergency financial support to euro area countries
Finance ministers agreed on the features and standardised terms for euro area countries to access the European Stability Mechanism (ESM) Pandemic Crisis Support. Member states can borrow up to 2% of their GDP to finance direct and indirect healthcare, cure and prevention related costs due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Council agrees its positions on transport relief measures
The EU is working on a set of urgent measures to help companies and authorities in the aviation, rail, road and shipping sectors to weather the impact of the coronavirus crisis.
EU member states' ambassadors agreed today on the Council's position on four legislative proposals designed to provide flexibility, ease the administrative burden and reduce financial costs for transport businesses in the context of the COVID-19 crisis.
EU-Western Balkans Zagreb summit reaffirms EU's commitment to the collaboration in the fight against COVID-19
The EU-Western Balkans Zagreb Summit brought together heads of state or government from EU member states, and leaders from the six Western Balkans partners: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, the Republic of North Macedonia and Kosovo*. They adopted the Zagreb Declaration, including a renewed commitment of cooperation to fight together the COVID-19 pandemic focusing on three areas:
financial assistance with a package of over €3.3 billion to the benefit of the Western Balkans partners to support the health sector, social and economic recovery, and provide assistance through the European Investment Bank, as well as micro-financial assistance
co-operation and coordination in the form joint procurement and the unrestricted trade-flow of protective personal equipment
addressing disinformation and other hybrid activities
* This designation is without prejudice to positions on status, and is in line with UNSCR 1244/1999 and the ICJ opinion on the Kosovo declaration of independence.
COVID-19: over €3.3 billion support for the Western Balkans (infographic)
2020
5 May
Telecommunications ministers discuss implications of COVID-19 crisis for the sector
EU telecommunications ministers gathered for the first time via video conference during this crisis to discuss:
the use of contact tracing apps in tackling the pandemic
the role of the digital sector in the post-COVID-19 recovery, including measures to incentivise investment in the deployment of new very-high-capacity digital infrastructures
Employment and social affairs ministers discuss measures to support EU recovery plan
EU ministers responsible for employment and social affairs met via video conference and discussed:
the impact of demographic challenges in light of the COVID-19 outbreak and how to assist those regions in the EU which are most affected by population decline
labour market and social policy measures at EU and national level as part of the economic recovery efforts
Council greenlights €3 billion assistance package for neighbouring partners
The Council adopted a €3 billion package in financial assistance to 10 enlargement and neighbourhood partners. The funds will be provided in the form of loans on highly favourable terms to help them cope with the economic fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic, and allocated as follows:
Albania: €180 million
Bosnia and Herzegovina: €250 million
Georgia: €150 million
Jordan: €200 million
Kosovo*: €100 million
Moldova: €100 million
Montenegro: €60 million
Republic of North Macedonia: €160 million
Tunisia: €600 million
Ukraine: €1.2 billion
*This designation is without prejudice to positions on status, and is in line with UNSCR 1244/1999 and the ICJ opinion on the Kosovo declaration of independence.
Transport ministers discuss future challenges as a consequence of relaxing measures
EU transport ministers held their second informal video conference on the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for transport. They discussed the measures taken so far against the pandemic and agreed on the need for an EU coordinated approach in the exit strategy. Ministers welcomed the European Commission's new package of additional measures to alleviate the impact of the crisis on the transport sector.
EU renews its commitment to support partner countries at EU-G5 Sahel meeting
At the end of the EU-G5 Sahel video conference, President Michel reaffirmed the commitment of the EU to help countries and communities globally to cope with the COVID-19 crisis, in line with the Joint Declaration of the members of the European Council of 26 March 2020.
Home affairs ministers discuss state of play and way forward on lifting containing measures
EU ministers responsible for home affairs met via video conference to discuss the state of play and way forward on the response to COVID-19 in the area of home affairs. They also discussed:
improving traffic at internal borders to ensure the functioning of the internal market and the free flow of goods
easing or lifting of internal border controls in a coordinated manner
working together to counter the rise of cybercrime, in particular the sale of counterfeit goods and the spread of fake news
the role of contact tracing apps in controlling the spread of the virus
Energy ministers agree on central role for the energy sector in the EU recovery plan
EU ministers responsible for energy met via video conference to assess the measures already taken to reinforce preparedness in the sector and ensure security of supply. They also discussed the possible contribution of the energy sector to a sustainable recovery from the pandemic.
Ministers acknowledged that the European energy system is resilient and that currently there is no risk of disruption in energy supply systems, especially for those most in need.
Tourism ministers discuss the impact of COVID-19 on tourism sector
Tourism ministers exchanged information and best practice on relief measures taken so far at national level to support the tourism sector, which is one of the economic sectors first and most heavily affected by the COVID-19 crisis. They also discussed possible future actions at national and EU level for a quick recovery of the sector.
EU leaders, who met by video conference, endorsed the package agreed by the Eurogroup. It is composed of three safety nets for workers, businesses and member states worth 540 billion euro.
Leaders also tasked the Commission to urgently come up with a proposal for a recovery fund. "This fund shall be of a sufficient magnitude, targeted towards the sectors and geographical parts of Europe most affected," said President Michel.
Heads of state or government welcomed a European roadmap towards lifting COVID-19 containment measures, presented by Presidents Michel and von der Leyen on 15 April.
They also welcomed the Joint Roadmap for Recovery, which defines four key areas for action: single market, massive investment efforts, EU global action and better governance. It also sets out important principles, such as solidarity, cohesion and convergence.
Council adopts measures to allow flexible use of structural funds in COVID-19 crisis
The Council adopted a package of measures to ensure additional flexibility in the use of structural funds so member states can respond quickly and effectively to the economic and social consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak. Thanks to the so-called Coronavirus Response Investment Initiative Plus:
member states can transfer money between different funds to meet their needs
resources can be redirected to the most affected regions, thanks to a suspension of the conditions on which regions are entitled to funding
member states can request up to 100% financing from the EU budget between 1 July 2020 and 30 June 2021 for programmes dealing with the impact of the pandemic
This is the second legislative act in less than a month amending the rules on the use of EU structural funds to respond to the crisis.
The Council adopted new rules intended to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the fisheries and aquaculture sectors. The new rules amend the regulation on the European maritime and fisheries fund (EMFF) and the regulation on the common market organisation (CMO) within the current funding scheme for 2014-2020.
Some of the measures adopted under the amending regulation are:
support in relation to the temporary cessation or reduction of fishing and aquaculture activities
flexibility in the use of budgetary funds
support for the storage of fishery and aquaculture products
Sport ministers discuss how to support sport sector through COVID-19 pandemic
EU sport ministers discussed today how to support the sport sector, athletes and federations across Europe to overcome the complex challenges caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Economy and finance ministers discuss implementation of emergency measures
EU ministers of economy and finance discussed the speedy implementation of the measures agreed to tackle the socio-economic impact of COVID-19. The Croatian presidency undertook in particular to proceed quickly with negotiations on the Commission's proposal for a temporary instrument to mitigate unemployment risks in an emergency (SURE).
Ministers endorsed a statement to support the flexible application of EU rules in the banking sector, and invite banks to refrain from distribution of dividends. They also agreed on the simplification of information requirements for this year's cycle of the European Semester.
Trade ministers discuss impact of COVID-19 on global trade and supply chains
EU ministers responsible for trade issues had an exchange of views on the impact of COVID-19 on trade relations and on global value and supply chains. Ministers also discussed:
a European Commission's proposal for a new export authorisation measure for certain items of personal protective equipment (PPE)
the European Commission's guidelines on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) screening
EU ministers of health held a video conference to take stock of the current situation and measures already taken in response to the spread of COVID-19 in the EU. They also exchanged views on a common exit strategy for de-escalation of containment measures.
Presidents Michel and von der Leyen present a roadmap to phase out containment measures
Presidents Michel and von der Leyen presented a European roadmap towards lifting COVID-19 containment measures and stressed the need to open a strategic discussion on the recovery plan at leaders' video conference on 23 April.
Education ministers discuss how to best support learners, teachers, schools and families
EU ministers of education held a video conference on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education. In particular, they focused on the challenges and opportunities of online learning, how to ensure assessment, exams and enrollment, and measures foreseen for a safe gradual re-opening of schools and training institutions.
Council approves financial assistance for EU fishermen
EU ambassadors agreed the Council's position on a proposal to amend the regulation on the European maritime and fisheries fund (EMFF) and the regulation on the common market organisation (CMO).
The proposal introduces a number of measures to provide financial support to EU fishermen and aquaculture farmers to help them overcome the economic challenges caused by the COVID-19 outbreak.
EU makes additional €3.1 billion available to tackle COVID-19 crisis
The Council adopted by written procedure two amendments to the EU 2020 budget, to make available an additional €3.1 billion in funds to respond to the COVID-19 crisis.
This additional budget will be used to:
purchase and distribute medical supplies, including protective gear and ventilators
boost the production of testing kits
build field hospitals
transfer patients for treatment in other member states
Eurogroup puts forward €500 billion support package
The Eurogroup met via video conference to draw up a package of response measures to present to EU leaders.
The report proposes three immediate safety nets for workers, businesses and member states. It also prepares the ground for a recovery fund to relaunch the economy and ensure EU solidarity with the member states most affected by COVID-19.
Today, we agreed upon three safety nets and a plan for the recovery, to ensure we grow together, not apart, once the virus is behind us. These proposals build on our collective financial strength and European solidarity.
Mário Centeno, President of the Eurogroup
Development ministers agree to launch €20 billion global response package
EU development ministers gave a green light to a support package for partner countries in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences, with an overall financial support amounting to more than €20 billion from existing external action resources.
Council gives go-ahead to further use of cohesion resources
The Council agreed its position on a second package of measures, the Coronavirus Response Investment Initiative Plus, to free up more money from EU structural funds for crisis-related operations.
The proposal offers additional flexibility on the use of structural funds. Member states will be able to transfer money between funds to respond quickly to the economic and social consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak.
Defence ministers discuss support to COVID-19 crisis response and implications on military operations
EU ministers of defence, meeting by video conference, focused on the assistance provided by the military during the COVID-19 crisis, as well as the situation in EU's military and civilian missions and operations in third countries. They shared examples of how member state armed forces have contributed to the efforts to counter the pandemic by providing transport and logistic support, building hospitals in record time, deploying their medical staff, and supporting the police and other national services.
Justice ministers discuss measures in the field of justice
EU ministers responsible for justice issues held a video conference to exchange information on measures introduced by member states in the field of justice in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. They agreed that any extraordinary measures taken should be in line with the fundamental values of the Union.
Foreign affairs ministers discuss the international response to COVID-19
EU foreign affairs ministers focused on the international response to the COVID-19 pandemic and the repatriation of EU citizens, in a video conference chaired by the EU's High Representative Josep Borrell. They agreed on the importance of assistance to third countries and fighting disinformation.
EU adopts measures for immediate release of cohesion funds
The EU adopted legislation to quickly release funding from the EU budget to tackle the COVID-19 crisis.
The legislation amends the rules of the structural and investment funds to accommodate greater flexibility and the release of €37 billion for the Coronavirus Response Investment Initiative.
The EU also amended the scope of the EU Solidarity Fund to include public health emergencies in addition to natural disasters.
The EU suspended the airport slot requirements which oblige airlines to use at least 80% of their take-off and landing slots in order to keep them the following year. The slot waiver is designed to help air carriers cope with the drastic drop in air traffic caused by the COVID-19 outbreak.
The waiver applies from 1 March to 24 October 2020. It also applies retroactively from 23 January to 29 February 2020 for flights between the EU and China or Hong Kong. The start date of 23 January 2020 is when the first airport was closed by the authorities in China.
European Council members hold third video conference on COVID-19
Meeting by video conference, members of the European Council assessed the EU's response to the COVID-19 pandemic so far. On the response to the economic fallout, they invited the Eurogroup to present proposals within two weeks.
Agriculture and fisheries ministers discuss how to counter negative impact of COVID-19
EU ministers responsible for agriculture and fisheries held a video conference, hosted by the Croatian presidency, to share information between the member states and EU institutions. They also discussed measures to support the agriculture and fisheries sectors and prevent disruptions in production and supply.
The Eurogroup took stock of the all the measures taken at national and EU level to respond to the COVID-19 fallout. Ministers also discussed further policy responses that are being explored by EU institutions, including the use of the European Stability Mechanism (ESM).
Governments and institutions in the EU are taking decisive measures. [...] there is a clear increase in our fiscal response. In one week alone, the total amount of the fiscal measures at national level has doubled and is now estimated at 2% of GDP. Liquidity support schemes for firms and workers have been scaled up from 10% to more than 13% of GDP.
Mário Centeno, President of the Eurogroup
Finance ministers agree to ease EU fiscal rules in COVID-19 fallout
EU ministers for economics and finance agreed to apply maximum flexibility in the EU fiscal framework. The measure ensures member states can take all necessary measures to support health and civil protection systems and the economy.
Foreign affairs ministers discuss international response to COVID-19 and repatriation of EU travellers
Ministers exchanged views on the international response to the COVID-19 pandemic, with a particular focus on the repatriation of EU travellers stranded abroad.
Ministers also discussed how to step up international cooperation and solidarity in order to support the most fragile countries. They condemned the attempt to discredit the European Union, through disinformation and the stigmatisation of EU citizens abroad in relation to the COVID-19 outbreak.
Council agrees its position on suspending slot requirements to help airlines
Council approved its position on a proposal to help air carriers cope with the sharp drop in demand caused by the COVID-19 outbreak and the measures to contain it.
The waiver will suspend temporarily the airport slot requirements which oblige airlines to use at least 80% of their take-off and landing slots in order to keep them the following year.
First COVID-19 vaccine authorised for use in the EU
The EU granted a conditional marketing authorisation for the COVID‑19 vaccine developed by BioNTech and Pfizer, making it the first COVID-19 vaccine authorised in the EU. This authorisation follows a positive scientific recommendation based on a thorough assessment of the safety, effectiveness and quality of the vaccine by the European Medicines Agency.
EU ministers discuss social and employment consequences of COVID-19
EU ministers discussed the employment and social challenges faced by the EU and the world, as a consequence of the COVID-19 outbreak. They exchanged views and shared experiences on the modalities of overcoming the effects of the crisis. Ministers presented their positions and plans for a possible reallocation of EU funds for new initiatives, keeping in mind the Commission's proposal on the Coronavirus Response Investment Initiative.
The Council agreed its position on legislative proposals which will free up funds from the EU 2020 budget to tackle the effects of the COVID-19 outbreak. Given the urgency of the situation, both proposals were approved without amendments.
The new measures will support SMEs and strengthen investment in products and services necessary to bolster the crisis response of health services.
EU member states join forces to keep priority traffic moving
EU transport ministers, together with the European Commission, agreed to work closely together to minimise traffic disruptions, especially for essential freight. They agreed on the need to have a coordinated approach on how to best ensure economic continuity, protect the health and safety of transport workers and their free movement across borders, while focusing on containing the COVID-19 outbreak.
European Council members hold second video conference on COVID-19
Members of the European Council followed up, by video conference, on the EU actions responding to the COVID-19 outbreak, focusing on:
limiting the spread of the virus
ensuring provision of medical equipment, with a particular focus on masks and respirators
promoting research, including research into a vaccine
tackling socio-economic consequences
helping EU citizens stranded in third countries
Leaders agreed to reinforce the external borders by applying a coordinated temporary restriction of non-essential travel to the EU for a period of 30 days.
We reaffirmed the need to work together and to do everything necessary to tackle the crisis and its consequences. The priority is the health of our citizens.
Charles Michel, President of the European Council
Eurogroup sets out ambitious and coordinated policy response
The Eurogroup took stock of the economic situation and adopted a statement on the economic policy response to the COVID-19 outbreak.
We will protect our citizens and our currency, come what may and with everything we have got. Our commitment to provide support in this time of need is unlimited.
Mário Centeno, President of the Eurogroup
The priority is to contain contamination as far as possible, to ensure the health care systems of the member states have the capacity to prepare for what awaits us in the days and weeks ahead.
Charles Michel, President of the European Council
Following the video conference, Presidents Michel and von der Leyen called for restricting non-essential travel to the EU.
Education ministers discuss the implications of COVID-19 on education and training
EU education ministers assessed the situation and agreed that the safety of pupils, students and staff is the priority. They exchanged information about measures adopted in each member states both in terms of safety and in terms of securing the continuation of learning.
President of the European Council holds video conference with European Council members
The President of the European Council held a video conference with the other members of the European Council to coordinate EU efforts to respond to the COVID-19 outbreak. President of the European Commission, Ursula von der Leyen, President of the European Central Bank, Christine Lagarde, Mario Centeno, President of the Eurogroup, and High Representative Josep Borrell also took part in the discussion.
During the meeting leaders identified four priorities:
limiting the spread of the virus
ensuring provision of medical equipment
promoting research, including for a vaccine
tackling socio-economic consequences
Member states agreed that our citizens' health is the first priority, and that measures should be based on science and medical advice. Measures need to be proportional so that they do not have excessive consequences for our societies as a whole.
Charles Michel, President of the European Council
Eurogroup discusses impact of COVID-19 on the economy
The Eurogroup held a conference call together with non-euro area members to take stock of the latest developments and the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on financial markets and the broader economy.
Ministers reaffirmed their commitment to coordinate responses and stand ready to use all appropriate policy tools to achieve strong, sustainable growth.
No efforts will be spared to contain the disease, to provide for health services and civil protection systems to support the population in the most affected areas and to shield our economies from further damage.
Mário Centeno, President of the Eurogroup
Council holds second extraordinary meeting of health ministers to discuss the latest developments
EU ministers exchanged views on how best to ensure a coordinated response to the current COVID-19 outbreak in the EU, which has rapidly evolved.
Ministers agreed that in order to counter the COVID-19 outbreak, it is important to:
further raise awareness on COVID-19
strengthen the protection of people at risk
establish containment measures, including evidence-based advice concerning travel to and from risk areas
Protecting public health is our top priority. The EU's response to the outbreak and the cooperation between all parties have been very good, but the situation has changed. Our debate today showed that member states are ready to adapt their response, strengthen their cooperation and undertake the appropriate measures to focus both on prevention and treatment.
Vili Beroš, minister for Health of Croatia
Council presidency escalates IPCR to full activation mode
Considering the deteriorating situation and the different sectors affected (health, consular, civil protection, economy), the presidency activates the IPCR mechanism in full mode.
The full activation mode allows for crisis roundtables with the participation of:
affected member states
the European Commission
the European External Action Service
the office of the President of the European Council
Competitiveness ministers look at impact of COVID-19 on EU industry
The European Commission shared with the Council its first assessment of the potential impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on EU industry. The Commission drew member states' attention to the importance of sharing critical information and coordinating any measures taken at EU level.
A significant increase of COVID-19 cases are registered in Northern Italy. At the same time, many other member states started reporting cases of people infected.
2020
13 February
Extraordinary Health Council adopts conclusions on COVID-19
EU health ministers adopt conclusions on COVID-19 calling upon the European Commission to:
continue coordination on risk assessment and guidance on travel advice
increase preparedness should the outbreak escalate to the next phase
activate of existing funding mechanisms to support member states preparedness
strengthened support to the Health Security Committee
EU health ministers hold informal high-level video conference
The Croatian presidency organises an informal high-level videoconference. Member states, together with representatives of the European Commission and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) review the state of play regarding the outbreak.
2020
28 January
EU Council presidency activates IPCR in information sharing mode
The Croatian presidency decided to activate the EU's integrated political crisis response mechanism (IPCR) in information sharing mode.
IPCR is the EU framework for coordination of cross-sectoral crises. Through this mechanism, the presidency of the Council coordinates the political response to the crisis at the highest level.
Regular situational awareness and analysis reports by the Commission and the European External Action Service are produced and shared with member states through a dedicated web platform.
An outbreak of a disease caused by a novel coronavirus is reported in Wuhan, China
An outbreak of a disease caused by a novel coronavirus is registered in the Chinese municipality of Wuhan, quickly spreading to other regions of China and the world. Later, the World Health Organisation officially recognises the novel coronavirus as SARS-CoV-2 and the disease is named COVID-19.
COVID-19: travel from third countries into the EU (until 13 December 2022) (infographic)
A common approach to COVID-19 travel measures in the EU (until 13 December 2022) (infographic)
EU digital COVID certificate (infographic)
Recovery and Resilience Facility (infographic)
Multiannual financial framework 2021-2027 and Next Generation EU (infographic)
COVID-19: EU coordination for safe and effective vaccination (infographic)
An international treaty on pandemics could help us respond more quickly and in a more coordinated manner when pandemics occur. It should be negotiated with all UN organisations and agencies, in particular the WHO. The WHO must remain the cornerstone of global coordination against health emergencies.
COVID-19 has a devastating human cost. There are family and friends behind all the numbers and statistics. Let's never forget that.
A common approach on COVID-19 travel measures in the EU (until 13 June 2021) (infographic)
The goals of our recovery can be summarised in three words: first convergence, second resilience and transformation. Concretely, this means: repairing the damage caused by COVID-19, reforming our economies, remodelling our societies.
Proposal for an EU recovery plan – key features (infographic)
COVID-19: EU support to agriculture and fisheries (infographic)
The EU’s emergency response to the COVID-19 pandemic (infographic)
The groundbreaking political decisions taken in the Eurogroup a month ago are being translated into legal reality in record time. We have made good progress on the three safety nets: the European Stability Mechanism Pandemic Crisis Support is operational as of today, and the Council has reached an agreement on SURE (Support to mitigate Unemployment Risks in an Emergency); we have prepared the ground for an agreement on the European Investment Bank guarantee fund for businesses.
COVID-19: over €3.3 billion support for the Western Balkans (infographic)
Today, we agreed upon three safety nets and a plan for the recovery, to ensure we grow together, not apart, once the virus is behind us. These proposals build on our collective financial strength and European solidarity.
Governments and institutions in the EU are taking decisive measures. [...] there is a clear increase in our fiscal response. In one week alone, the total amount of the fiscal measures at national level has doubled and is now estimated at 2% of GDP. Liquidity support schemes for firms and workers have been scaled up from 10% to more than 13% of GDP.
We will protect our citizens and our currency, come what may and with everything we have got. Our commitment to provide support in this time of need is unlimited.