Timeline - EU migration policy

The following timeline gives an overview of the key developments in the work of the Council and the European Council to build an EU response to migratory pressures.

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2022

€17 billion of EU funds available to help refugees from Ukraine

The Council adopted a regulation on Cohesion Action for Refugees in Europe (CARE) that will allow the swift release and reallocation of cohesion policy funding. This will ensure that member states hosting refugees have sufficient resources to meet the growing needs for housing, education and healthcare.

Furthermore, member states will be able to use the Recovery Assistance for Cohesion and the Territories of Europe (REACT-EU), one of the largest post-pandemic EU public investment programmes.

The Council also adopted a proposal to:

  • unlock up to €420 million in remaining funds from the 2014-2020 home affairs fund
  • allow member states and other public or private donors to make additional contributions under the 2021-2027 asylum, migration and integration fund

This will provide extra resources for the reception of persons escaping the war in Ukraine.

EU adopts temporary protection scheme for persons fleeing the war in Ukraine

Group of displaced people in a room.
© AFP

The EU decided to introduce the temporary protection scheme. The objective is to alleviate pressure on national asylum systems and to allow displaced persons to enjoy harmonised rights across the EU. These rights include:

  • residence
  • access to the labour market and housing
  • medical assistance
  • access to education for children

Temporary protection is an emergency mechanism which can be applied in cases of a mass influx of displaced persons and which aims to provide immediate and collective protection for displaced persons who are not in a position to return to their country of origin.

New EU asylum agency starts its work

From 19 January 2022, the European Union Agency for Asylum (EUAA) will replace the European Asylum Support Office (EASO).

The new agency is responsible for improving the functioning of the common European asylum system by providing enhanced operational and technical assistance to member states and by bringing more consistency to the assessment of applications for international protection.

2021

Council adopts EU asylum agency regulation

The Council adopted a regulation establishing the EU asylum agency. This regulation aims to improve the application of asylum policy within the EU, by turning the current European asylum support office (EASO) into a fully-fledged agency.

This agency will be responsible for improving the functioning of the common European asylum system, by

  • providing enhanced operational and technical assistance to member states
  • contributing to more convergence in the assessment of applications for international protection

European Council discusses migration

EU leaders called on the European Commission and the EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy to make the eight action plans for priority countries of origin and transit operational and to implement them without delay.

The European Council made clear that it will not accept any attempt by non-EU countries to instrumentalise migrants for political purposes. It reiterated its determination to ensure effective control of the EU’s external borders and stressed the need to ensure effective returns and the full implementation of readmission agreements.

EU heads of state and government said that the EU will continue countering the ongoing hybrid attack organised by the Belarusian regime, including by adopting further restrictive measures against persons and legal entities.

EU blue card: Council adopts new rules

Infographic - EU blue card: attracting new skills and talent

A card saying "Blue card" with the EU flag and some abstract illustrations See full infographic

The Council has adopted the blue card directive. The new rules, which replace the existing ones, further harmonise the conditions of entry and residence for highly qualified workers from non-EU countries and increase the attractiveness of the EU blue card.

The new scheme aims to attract and retain highly qualified workers, particularly in sectors facing skills shortages.

This EU-wide admission system:

  • establishes criteria that are more inclusive
  • simplifies procedures
  • facilitates intra-EU mobility
  • eases family reunification
  • grants a very high level of access to the labour market

Council adopts a statement on Afghanistan

Home affairs ministers discussed developments in Afghanistan, more specifically in relation to potential implications in the areas of international protection, migration and security and adopted a statement on the matter.

They highlighted the need to continue coordination with international partners on the stabilisation of the region and to ensure that humanitarian aid reaches vulnerable people. They also stated the need to continue cooperation to prevent illegal migration from the region, as well as to effectively protect the EU's external borders and prevent unauthorised entry.

EU asylum agency: provisional agreement reached

The Council presidency and European Parliament representatives reached a provisional agreement on an EU asylum agency regulation.

The proposed regulation aims to improve the application of asylum policy within the EU, by turning the current European asylum support office (EASO) into a fully-fledged agency. This agency will be responsible for improving the functioning of the common European asylum system, by:

  • providing enhanced operational and technical assistance to member states
  • contributing to more convergence in the assessment of applications for international protection

European Council discusses the migration situation on various routes

Infographic - Migration flows: Eastern, Central and Western routes

The infographics show the yearly and monthly irregular arrivals to the EU between 2015 and 2021 (including Eastern, Central and Western Mediterranean routes). They also show the top nationalities per route in 2021. See full infographic

EU leaders agreed that mutually beneficial partnerships and cooperation with countries of origin and transit will be intensified to prevent loss of life and to reduce pressure on European borders, as part of the EU's external action.

This common approach should address all migratory routes and will:

  • be pragmatic, flexible and tailor-made
  • make use, as Team Europe, of all available instruments and incentives
  • take place in close cooperation with the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) and the International Organization for Migration (IOM)

EU heads of state or government called on the European Commission and the High Representative, in cooperation with member states, to:

  • immediately reinforce concrete actions with priority countries of origin and transit
  • put forward action plans for priority countries of origin and transit in autumn 2021

The European Council condemned and rejected any attempt by third countries to instrumentalise migrants for political purposes.

EU blue card: provisional agreement reached

The Council presidency and the European Parliament reached a provisional agreement on a draft directive establishing the entry and residence conditions for highly qualified non-EU nationals coming to live and work in the EU.

The blue card directive aims to attract and retain highly qualified workers, particularly in sectors facing skills shortages. The new rules will:

  • establish more inclusive admission criteria
  • simplify procedures
  • facilitate intra-EU mobility
  • make family reunification easier
  • grant high level of access to the labour market

2020

Long-term EU budget 2021-2027: support for migration reinforced

Following the European Parliament's consent on 16 December 2020, the Council adopted the regulation laying down the EU's multiannual financial framework (MFF) for 2021-2027. The regulation provides for a long-term budget of €1 074.3 billion for the EU27.

Spending in the areas of migration and border management will amount to €22.7 billion over the next seven years. Support for migration and border management has been considerably reinforced, including to fund up to 10 000 border guards at the disposal of the European Border and Coast Guard Agency by 2027. 

Council discusses the migration and asylum pact

On 23 September 2020 the European Commission presented a new pact on migration and asylum and five new legislative proposals to reform the EU asylum rules.

EU minsters discussed key elements of the pact, including the external dimension, the proposed pre-entry phase, solidarity mechanism, internal migration and asylum management, various means to improve return, the role of agencies, legal pathways to enter Europe and integration.

Council discusses the situation at the EU's external borders

Home affairs ministers were informed by the member states most directly affected, the Commission and the relevant EU agencies, of the latest developments at the EU's external borders with Turkey. Ministers also assessed how the measures mentioned in the home affairs ministers statement of 4 March are being implemented, including the deployment of Frontex's rapid border intervention and additional technical assistance.

EU-Turkey leaders' meeting

Presidents Charles Michel and Ursula von der Leyen met President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan in Brussels. The leaders discussed bilateral relations, the implementation of the EU-Turkey statement on migration, security and stability in the region and the crisis in Syria.

Today's meeting with President Erdoğan is an important step in the right direction. Both Turkey and the EU need to work on the full implementation of the EU-Turkey statement on migration in order to de-escalate the situation.

Charles Michel, President of the European Council

Foreign Affairs Council adopts a statement on the situation on the EU's external borders with Turkey

The Council acknowledges the increased migratory burden and risks Turkey is facing on its territory and the substantial efforts it has made in hosting 3,7 million migrants and refugees.Ministers also reiterate the EU's full solidarity with Greece, which faces an unprecedented situation, as well as with Bulgaria, Cyprus and other member states in their efforts to manage the EU's external borders

Council adopts a statement at the EU's external borders

Home affairs ministers discussed the situation at the EU's external borders and expresses its solidarity with Greece, Bulgaria, Cyprus and other member states which might be similarly affected, including in efforts to manage the EU's external border.They also confirmed their commitment to strengthen their support to areas under pressure, including through the deployment of Frontex's rapid border intervention and additional technical assistance.

2019

Council discusses the future of EU migration and asylum policy

EU home affairs ministers discussed the future of the EU migration and asylum policy, on the basis of a report prepared by the Finnish Presidency. During the debate, ministers welcomed the Commission's intention to present a new pact on migration and asylum. They confirmed the need for a comprehensive approach to migration, with a whole-of-government and whole of route approach.

Council adopts regulation on the European Border and Coast Guard

The Council adopted a revised regulation on the European Border and Coast Guard Agency. The latter is being strengthened in terms of staff and technical equipment. It is also being given a broader mandate to support member states' activities, especially on border control, return and cooperation with third countries.

Council discusses state of play on migration

Home affairs ministers discussed the state of play on migration. They review the migration situation in the EU across all routes, with a particular focus on the increase of arrivals in the Eastern Mediterranean They also took stock of the recent declaration between France, Germany, Italy and Malta on temporary arrangements for disembarkation.

Mandate of Operation Sophia extended until 31 March 2020

The Council extended the mandate of EUNAVFOR MED Operation Sophia until 31 March 2020.

The deployment of the Operation's naval assets will remain temporarily suspended, as EU member states continue to work in the appropriate fora on a solution on disembarkation as part of the follow-up to the June 2018 European Council conclusions.

Migration policy in the strategic agenda 2019-2024

EU leaders called for further developing a fully functioning comprehensive migration policy in the EU's strategic agenda for 2019-2024.

"We will continue and deepen our cooperation with countries of origin and transit to fight illegal migration and human trafficking and to ensure effective returns. Concerning the internal dimension, we need agreement on an effective migration and asylum policy. A consensus needs to be found on the Dublin Regulation to reform it based on a balance of responsibility and solidarity, taking into account the persons disembarked following Search and Rescue operations."

Strategic agenda for 2019-2024

Immigration liaison officers: Council adopts new rules to improve coordination

The Council adopted a regulation to improve the functioning of the European network of immigration liaison officers. The new rules will increase cooperation and coordination between liaison officers deployed to third countries by member states or the EU to deal with immigration-related issues.

Council agrees partial negotiating position on return directive

The Council agreed on a partial negotiating position on the revised return directive. The new rules aim to increase the rate of effective returns of irregular migrants. This position covers all aspects of the proposed revision apart from the provisions on the border procedure for returns.

EU budget: Council agrees its position on funding for migration, border and security policies

The EU is increasing the scope of its support for measures in the fields of migration, border management and security in order to help address growing challenges. The Council reached partial general approaches on three sectoral home affairs proposals in the context of the multiannual financial framework (MFF) for the period 2021-2027.

EU updates rules on visas to fight illegal migration

The Council adopted amendments to the visa code regulation, which will increase the tools available to respond to the challenges posed by illegal migration.

European Border and Coast Guard: Council confirms agreement on stronger mandate

EU ambassadors confirmed on behalf of the Council the informal agreement reached between the European Parliament and the Romanian Presidency of the Council on a regulation on the European Border and Coast Guard. The new rules now need to be formally adopted by the European Parliament and the Council.

Mandate of Operation Sophia extended until 30 September 2019

The Council extended the mandate of EUNAVFOR MED Operation Sophia until 30 September 2019.

The Operation Commander has been instructed to suspend temporarily the deployment of the Operation's naval assets for the duration of this extension for operational reasons. EU member states will continue to work in the appropriate fora on a solution on disembarkation as part of the follow-up to the June 2018 European Council conclusions.

European Border and Coast Guard: Council agrees negotiating position

EU ambassadors agreed the Council's negotiating position on a regulation on the European Border and Coast Guard. On the basis of this mandate, the Romanian Presidency of the Council will start negotiations with the European Parliament.

The European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex) is being strengthened in terms of staff and technical equipment. It is also being given a broader mandate to support member states' activities on border protection, return and cooperation with third countries.

Council confirms agreement on changes to the visa code

EU ambassadors confirmed on behalf of the Council the informal agreement reached between the European Parliament and the Romanian Presidency of the Council on the proposal amending the visa code. 

The new rules will improve conditions for legitimate travellers and increase the tools available to respond to the challenges posed by illegal migration.

Immigration liaison officers: provisional agreement reached with Parliament

The Council presidency and the Parliament reached an informal agreement on new rules to strengthen the European network of immigration liaison officers. These officers are deployed to third countries by member states or the EU to deal with immigration-related issues.

2018

Operation Sophia: mandate extended until 31 March 2019

The Council extended the mandate of the EUNAVFOR MED Operation Sophia until 31 March 2019. The operation aims to disrupt the business model of migrant smugglers and human traffickers in the Southern Central Mediterranean.

EU leaders take stock of migration

EU leaders discussed migration issues at the December EU summit. They called for the EU's external migration policy to be further developed and implemented.

Regarding the Union's internal policies, the heads invited the co-legislators to rapidly conclude negotiations on the European Border and Coast Guard (EBCG).

They also called for further efforts to conclude negotiations on the Asylum Agency, the return directive and reform of the EU asylum system.

European Border and Coast Guard: Council agrees on a partial general approach

The Council agreed on a partial general approach on a proposal on the European Border and Coast Guard, covering the provisions linked to return and cooperation with third countries.

The proposed rules will allow Frontex to

  • provide technical and operational support to member states in return operations
  • strengthen its cooperation with third countries beyond neighbouring countries

Council agrees on concrete measures to fight migrant smuggling

The Council agreed on concrete measures to step up the fight against migrant smuggling networks. This follows a call by EU leaders at their meeting in October.

The concrete actions draw on:

  • enhanced inter-agency approach both at EU and national level
  • making the best use of synergies between the operational tools available
  • maximising the use of the external assets of the EU

EU leaders discuss migration issues

EU leaders called for the fight against migrant smugglers to be stepped up. They invited the Council to develop a set of measures to this end by December.

Leaders also said that more needs to be done to further prevent illegal migration. They called for strengthened cooperation with countries of origin and transit

In addition, leaders invited the European Parliament and the Council to examine, as a matter of priority, the recent Commission proposals related to migration and asylum.

Council discusses European border and coast guard

 The Council discussed a Commission proposal to expand the European Border and Coast Guard Agency's mandate and to increase its staff to 10 000 by 2020. Home affairs ministers expressed their general wish to strengthen the agency's mandate, in particular on returns and cooperation with third countries. They also shared their views on the size, composition, tasks and powers of the EBCG standing corps, as well as on the timeframe needed to fully establish the corps.

EU leaders agree to strengthen cooperation with third countries

Heads of state or government met for an informal working dinner on migration in Salzburg. Leaders agreed to strengthen cooperation with third countries, including Egypt. Donald Tusk will meet President al-Sisi still in September to take the cooperation forward. In this context, the leaders also agreed to organise a summit with the League of Arab States in February 2019.

EU member states agree on new financing for refugee facility in Turkey

EU member states agreed on how to finance an additional €3 billion for the EU facility for refugees in Turkey to support Syrian refugees:

  • €2 billion will be financed from the EU budget
  • €1 billion will be financed by member states according to their share of the EU's gross national income

EU leaders agree new measures to fight migrant smugglers and reduce illegal migration

Meeting at a two-day summit in Brussels, EU leaders agreed measures to step up fight against migrant smugglers and further reduce illegal migration across all migratory routes.

EU leaders supported the development of a concept of regional disembarkation platforms for people saved at sea by search and rescue operations.

EU sanctions six human traffickers and smugglers operating in Libya

The Council transposed into EU law UN sanctions of 7 June targeting six human traffickers and smugglers operating in Libya. It is the first time that the UN imposes sanctions against human traffickers.

Council discusses migration issues and way forward

Home affairs ministers discussed the state of play and way forward on a number of migration issue. They considered how to strengthen ongoing work in different fields, including:

  • support to EU agencies
  • continued respect of the EU-Turkey statement
  • the provision of sufficient funding for the EU Trust Fund for Africa
  • support to partners along the Western Balkans

Council approves extra €3.7 billion to address migration issues

The Council has given the go-ahead to increased lending by the European Investment Bank to projects outside the EU that address migration issues. €3.7 billion are earmarked for projects in the public and private sectors to tackle the  root causes of migration.

2017

EU leaders review EU migration policy

The European Council held a debate on the external and internal dimensions of the EU migration policy. They assessed what has and has not worked in the past two years, and discussed how to strengthen the policy.

EU leaders also said they would seek to reach agreement on the reform of the Dublin system by June 2018. The debate was based on a note circulated by President Tusk ahead of the summit.

Reception conditions for asylum seekers: Council ready to start negotiations

EU ambassadors agreed a mandate for negotiations on draft rules for the qualification of asylum applicants and better living conditions for asylum seekers across the EU. The presidency will now start negotiations with the European Parliament.

Entry-exist system adopted

The Council adopted the regulation for an entry-exit system and the regulation amending the Schengen border code in relation to the entry-exit system. 

This system will register entry, exit and refusal of entry information of non-EU nationals crossing the external borders of the Schengen area.

EU resettlement framework: Council to start negotiations

EU ambassadors agreed a mandate for negotiations on a regulation establishing an EU resettlement framework for the admission of asylum seekers.

The draft regulation seeks to:

  • provide for legal and safe pathways to the EU
  • provide common rules for resettlement and humanitarian admission
  • help to alleviate the pressure in non-EU countries to which a large number of asylum seekers have been displaced

EU leaders agree next steps to close the Central Mediterranean route

EU leaders agreed to offer stronger support for Italy's work with Libya and adequate funding for migration-related projects in North Africa. "We should see concrete results within the next few weeks", said President Tusk after the meeting.   

They also pledged to continue talks on the reform of the Dublin system at their summit in December, with a view of reaching a consensus in the first half of 2018.

EUNAVFOR MED Operation Sophia: mandate extended until 31 December 2018

The Council extended the mandate of the EUNAVFOR MED Operation Sophia until 31 December 2018. The Council also amended the operation's mandate to:

  • set up a monitoring mechanism of trainees to ensure the long-term efficiency of the training of the Libyan Coastguard
  • conduct new surveillance activities and gather information on illegal trafficking of oil exports from Libya
  • enhance the possibilities for sharing information on human trafficking with member states' law enforcement agencies, FRONTEX and EUROPOL

Entry-exit system: Council confirms agreement on main political provisions

EU ambassadors confirmed an agreement between the Maltese presidency and the European Parliament reached on 29 June on the political issues of a proposal for an Entry-Exit System and a proposal amending the Schengen Border Code in relation to the Entry-Exit System. 

This will pave the way for an overall agreement once the remaining technical issues are solved. 

The system will register entry, exit and refusal of entry information of non-EU nationals crossing the external borders of the Schengen area.

EU Agency for Asylum: the Maltese presidency and the European parliament reach a political agreement

The Maltese presidency  and the European Parliament representatives reached a broad political agreement ad referendum on all twelve chapters of the regulation on the European Union Agency for Asylum.

The agreement is subject to endorsement by Coreper in the near future following further work on the recitals. In addition, the agreement excludes certain parts of the text which are related to other legislative proposals in the package on the revision of the Common European Asylum System (CEAS) which have not yet been finalised.  

Central Mediterranean route: EU leaders calls for further action to stem migration flow

EU leaders called for further action to stem the flow of migrants from Libya to Italy, along the Central Mediterranean route. In particular, they focused on:

  • the provision of further training and equipment to Libyan coast guards
  • closer cooperation with countries of origin and transit
  • further efforts to increase returns    

They said that readmission agreements with non-EU countries should be urgently put in place.EU leaders also reiterated the need to reform the common asylum system.

Councils adopts conclusions on children in migration

Council discussed measures to better protect children in migration.

Ministers adopted Council conclusions to reaffirm that children in migration have the right to be protected, in line with relevant provisions of EU law, including the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, and with international law on the rights of the child.

In 2015 and 2016, 30 percent of asylum applicants in the EU were children, many of them travelling without their family.

Schengen area: Council recommends prolongation of internal border controls

The Council allowed a temporary extension of internal border controls in exceptional circumstances. Austria, Germany, Denmark, Sweden and Norway may prolong proportionate temporary border controls  at specific parts of their borders for no more than 6 months. 

Schengen area: Council recommends prolongation of internal border controls

The Council adopted a recommendation to extend temporary internal border controls in exceptional circumstances. Austria, Germany, Denmark, Sweden and Norway should prolong proportionate temporary border controls  at specific parts of their borders for no more than three months. 

EU leaders agree to boost cooperation with Libya to stem the flow of migrants

Meeting at an informal summit, EU leaders adopted the Malta Declaration, which focuses on measures to stem the flow of migrants along the Central Mediterranean route and tackle the business model of people smugglers. In particular, the 28 EU heads of state of government agreed to increase cooperation with Lybia, from where 90% of migrants departed in 2016. 

2016

European Border and Coast Guard Agency launches rapid reaction pool

The rapid reaction pool is made of 1 500 officers committed by EU member states and Schengen associated countries. In a crisis situation, they will be put at the immediate disposal of Frontex, which can deploy them within five working days.

Agreement on systematic checks at external borders

The Permanent Representatives Committee (Coreper) approved a compromise text agreed with the European Parliament on an amendment to the Schengen Borders Code to reinforce checks against relevant databases at external borders.  

Justice and Home Affairs Council

Ministers discussed the shortfalls in the implementation of the different migration measures adopted so far. They undertook in particular to increase the number of experts provided by member states to the agencies (especially EASO).

The Council also covered the reform of the common European asylum system, where ministers endorsed the three-track approach suggested by the presidency.

Launch of the European Border and Coast Guard Agency

The European Border and Coast Guard Agency was officially launched on 6 October 2016

The European Border and Coast Guard Agency was officially launched on 6 October 2016. The launch event took place at the Kapitan Andreevo Border Checkpoint at the Bulgarian external border with Turkey. 

"We are creating a new reality at our external borders. This is a tangible outcome of the joint commitment agreed in the Bratislava Roadmap, as well as a practical display of unity among member states," said Robert Fico, Prime Minister of Slovakia and holder of the rotating Presidency of the Council. "It will help us to get back to Schengen," he added. 

The European Border and Coast Guard Agency will closely monitor the EU's external borders and work together with member states to quickly identify and address any potential security threats to the EU's external borders. 

European border and coast guard: final approval

The Council gave its final approval to the European border and coast guard. Its main role is to help provide integrated border management at the external borders. It will ensure the effective management of migration flows and provide a high level of security for the EU. 

EU NAVFOR MED operation Sophia: authorisation to start additional supporting tasks

 The Political and Security Committee authorised EU NAVFOR MED operation Sophia to begin two additional supporting tasks:

  • training of the Libyan coastguard and navy
  • contributing to the implementation of the UN arms embargo on the high seas off the coast of Libya

EUCAP Sahel Niger - mission extended and mandate amended

The Council extended the mandate of EUCAP Sahel Niger until 15 July 2018. It also adapted the mission's mandate to assist the Nigerien authorities in developing policies, techniques and procedures to better control irregular migration.

European Commission proposals - common European asylum system

The European Commission presented a second series of proposals to reform the common European asylum system and a proposal to create a common EU resettlement framework.

European border and coast guard: Council confirms agreement

The Permanent Representatives Committee (Coreper) confirmed the compromise text agreed with the European Parliament on the proposed regulation for a European border and coast guard. The European border and coast guard will consist of a European agency (the current Frontex agency with expanded tasks) and national authorities of the Schengen countries responsible for border management. 

EUNAVFOR MED operation Sophia: mandate extended

The Council extended the mandate of EU NAVFOR Med operation Sophia by one year until 27 July 2017. It also broadened the operation's mandate by adding two supporting tasks:

  • training of the Libyan coast guards and navy
  • contributing to the implementation of the UN arms embargo on the high seas off the coast of Libya 

Justice and Home Affairs Council

Ministers discussed the current situation, focusing in particular on the implementation of the 18 March EU-Turkey statement and the migratory flows in the Central Mediterranean. They reaffirmed that returns to Turkey from Greece should be stepped up. Participating states were also invited to speed up the resettlement of Syrian refugees from Turkey and the relocation of asylum seekers from Greece and Italy.

The Council adopted a decision which aims to suspend for one year Sweden's obligations regarding relocation of persons in need of international protection from Italy and Greece. It also adopted conclusions on return and readmission.

European Commission communication - partnership framework with third countries

The European Commission presented a communication for a partnership framework with third countries. 

The Commission also presented a proposal for a directive on the conditions of entry and residence of third-country nationals for the purpose of highly skilled employment.

G7 summit

The G7 called for a global response to the migration and refugee crisis. Leaders committed to increase global assistance to meet the needs of refugees and their host communities. They called on financial institutions and bilateral donors to bolster their assistance. They also agreed to enhance legal channels for migration and encouraged the establishment of resettlement schemes.

Foreign Affairs Council

Ministers had a discussion on the external aspects of migration. They reviewed the implementation of the Valletta action plan and the EU-Turkey statement.

The Council adopted conclusions on EUNAVFOR MED Operation Sophia, extending the mandate of the operation by one year and adding two supporting tasks.

Justice and Home Affairs Council

Home affairs ministers exchanged views on the current situation. They focused in particular on the implementation of the EU-Turkey statement of 18 March and the migration flows in the Central Mediterranean.

Participating states were invited to speed up resettlement of Syrian refugees from Turkey and relocation of asylum seekers from Greece and Italy, according to existing decisions.

Schengen internal border controls - Council adopts recommendation

The Council adopted an implementing decision setting out a recommendation which allows for the continuation of temporary internal border controls in exceptional circumstances. Austria, Germany, Denmark, Sweden and Norway should maintain proportionate temporary border controls at specific parts of their border for a maximum period of six months.

Foreign Affairs Council on development

Ministers focused on the implementation of the Valletta action plan and the Emergency Trust Fund for Africa. They also reviewed the state of play of high-level dialogues with partner countries.

The Council discussed how to best support displaced people and refugees in long lasting crises.

European Commission proposals - common European asylum system

The European Commission presented a series of proposals to reform the common European asylum system. 

The Commission also presented a proposal for a Council implementing decision setting out a recommendation for the continuation of temporary internal border controls in exceptional circumstances.

Justice and Home Affairs Council

Home affairs ministers examined progress in the implementation of existing measures. They also reaffirmed the need to speed up the implementation of the EU-Turkey statement of 18 March 2016.

Ministers were informed about the progress achieved on the draft regulation on a European Border Guard. 

Foreign Affairs Council

Ministers discussed the external aspects of migration. They assessed progress in implementing the measures included in the EU-Turkey statement and reviewed initiatives taken on the Central Mediterranean route. They also underlined actions on the fight against traffickers and smugglers and the EU's support to Africa.

European border guard - Council agrees negotiating position

The Permanent Representatives Committee agreed the Council's negotiating position on the proposed regulation on the European border guard. As soon as the European Parliament has adopted its position, the presidency will start negotiations with the aim to reach a political agreement by the end of June 2016.

The main objective of the European border guard would be to ensure and implement, as a shared responsibility, European integrated border management at EU external borders. It would consist of an European Border Guard Agency and national authorities responsible for border management.

European Commission proposal - resettlement from Turkey

Following the EU-Turkey statement of 18 March, the European Commission made a proposal amending the Council decision to relocate people in need of international protection from Italy and Greece. This proposal would make 54 000 places which had not yet been allocated available for the purpose of resettling Syrians from Turkey to the EU.

European Council

The European Council further discussed its comprehensive strategy to tackle the migration crisis.

At their meeting on 18 March, EU and Turkish leaders reached an agreement aimed at stopping the flow of irregular migration via Turkey to Europe, breaking the business model of smugglers and offering migrants an alternative to putting their lives at risk.

Council approves financing for emergency assistance within the EU

The Council accepted the draft amending budged proposed by the Commission on 9 March 2016. It agreed to make available €100 million in commitments and €80.2 million in payments from the 2016 EU budget to support Greece and other member states overwhelmed by the refugee crisis.

The draft amending budget now needs to be approved by the European Parliament.

Council adopts instrument for emergency assistance within the EU

On 15 March, the Council adopted a regulation that will allow the EU to help Greece and other affected member states to address the difficult humanitarian situation caused by the migration crisis. The EU's humanitarian assistance aims to provide refugees with food, shelter, water, medicine and other basic necessities.

Justice and Home Affairs Council

Ministers discussed the current situation and the implementation of the statement agreed by EU leaders on 7 March. They were also briefed by the presidency on the state of play on the proposed regulation establishing an European Border and Coast Guard.

The Council adopted conclusions on migrant smuggling. It also adopted an implementing decision on the temporary suspension of the relocation of 30% of applicants allocated to Austria under decision 2015/1601.

Council agrees on instrument for emergency assistance within the EU

The Council agreed on an emergency support mechanism for crisis within the EU. This will allow the EU to help Greece and other affected member states to address the difficult humanitarian situation caused by the migration crisis. The EU's humanitarian assistance aims to provide refugees with food, shelter, water, medicine and other basic necessities.

This proposal is to be presented to the General Affairs Council meeting for formal adoption on 15 March.

Meeting of the EU heads of state or government with Turkey

EU leaders held a meeting with Turkey to strengthen their cooperation on the migration crisis. They pushed for the full and speedy implementation of the EU-Turkey action plan, and the reduction of the number of illegal entries from Turkey to Greece.

They also discussed some new proposals to address the crisis. President Tusk was assigned with the task to work out their details before the next European Council.

European Commission proposal - instrument for emergency assistance within the EU

The Commission presented a proposal for a Council regulation creating an emergency assistance instrument for crisis within the EU. This would allow to provide humanitarian aid in response to major crisis affecting member states, including the current migration crisis. 

Justice and Home Affairs Council

Ministers discussed the current migratory situation and reiterated the need for a common European solution. They focused on progress made on the implementation of existing measures and on cooperation with Turkey and on the Western Balkans route. 

The Council also took stock of the work on the proposal for a European border and coast guard. 

European Council

EU leaders adopted conclusions on the migration crisis. They focused on the need to build an European consensus on migration and on implementation of decisions already taken. They highlighted the need to make progress on:

  • implementation of the EU-Turkey action plan
  • provision of humanitarian assistance to refugees, including in the western Balkans
  • ensuring hotspots are fully functional
  • implementation of decisions on relocation, return and readmission
  • improving management of external borders
  • restoring the normal functioning of the Schengen area

Schengen evaluation of Greece - Council adopts recommendation

The Council adopted a recommendation on addressing serious deficiencies identified during an evaluation of Greece's application of the Schengen acquis in the area of external border management. The recommendation proposes to Greece remedial action to address these deficiencies. 

Supporting Syria and the region - EU pledges more than €3 billion

European Council President Donald Tusk joined world leaders at a conference in London to announce a €3 billion EU contribution to assist the Syrian people in 2016. This includes both people inside Syria as well as refugees and the communities hosting them in the neighbouring countries. 

Refugee facility for Turkey: agreement on details of financing

Member states agreed on how to finance the €3 billion EU refugee facility for Turkey. This will allow the EU to deliver additional humanitarian assistance to refugees in Turkey and their host communities.  

Foreign Affairs Council

The Council concluded that all the conditions have been met for EUNAVFOR MED operation Sophia to implement on the High Seas UN Security Council Resolution 2240. This resolution reinforces the authority of operation Sophia to take measures against the smuggling of migrants and human trafficking from the territory of Libya and off its coast, under phase 2 of the operation (high-seas). Phase 2 started on 7 October 2015. 

Ministers also discussed the EU's position ahead of the Syria donors' conference, which will take place in London on 4 February 2016. This conference aims to address the long-term economic needs of refugees in the region and increase available funding to the most affected countries.

2015

European Council

The European Council took stock of the implementation of decisions taken in previous meetings and agreed to speed up actions on:

  • the operation of hotspots
  • the implementation of the relocation decisions and returns 
  • the control of the EU's external borders
  • cooperation with countries of origin and transit

EU leaders also asked the Council to rapidly examine the European Commission's proposal of strengthening the EU's external borders released on 15 December.

European Commission package of proposals

Delivering on the European agenda on migration, the European Commission put forward a package of proposals aimed at securing the EU's external borders and managing migration more effectively.

The Commission also presented:

Justice and Home Affairs Council

Justice ministers took note of a progress report on actions related to judicial cooperation and the fight against xenophobia.

Home affairs ministers held a discussion on the implementation of previously agreed measures and on the actions needed to strengthen the Schengen area. 

Meeting of the EU heads of state or government with Turkey

The EU and Turkey adopted a joint action plan to deal with the refugee crisis created by the situation in Syria.

The EU and its member states will step up their political and financial engagement  to stem the migration flow coming to the EU via Turkey. The EU is committed to provide an initial €3 billion of additional resources to help Turkey improve the situation of Syrian refugees currently in the country.

The action plan also includes increased cooperation regarding migrants who are not in need of international protection.

Furthermore, the EU-Turkey readmission agreement will be fully applied from June 2016. The EU and Turkey are also aiming to complete the visa liberalization process for Turkish citizens in the Schengen zone by October 2016.

Education, Youth, Culture and Sport Council

Integration of migrants was a common thread throughout discussions in the four sessions of the Council. Ministers focused in particular on:

  • the role of youth policy and youth work with regards to migration
  • education and training strategies to integrate recently arrived migrants and people with a migrant background
  • the role of intercultural dialogue to improve mutual understanding between migrants and host countries
  • the educational potential of sport to help disadvantaged youth, including migrants

Foreign Affairs Council

Ministers focused on the follow up to the high level conference on the Western Balkans route (8 October) and the Valletta Summit on migration (11-12 November). They welcomed discussions with African partners in Valletta. On the Western Balkans and eastern route, they covered cooperation with Turkey, Lebanon and Jordan. 

Valletta Summit on migration

EU heads of state or government met with their counterparts from African countries to discuss migration issues. They agreed on an action plan focusing on five priority domains:

  • addressing the root causes of irregular migration and forced displacement
  • improving work on promoting and organising legal migration channels
  • enhancing protection of migrants and asylum seekers
  • tackling the exploitation and trafficking of migrants
  • improving cooperation on return, readmission and reintegration

Informal meeting of heads of state or government

EU leaders discussed the latest developments in the migration crisis  and how to accelerate the implementation of the measures agreed in September and October. They particularly focused their discussions on cooperation with Turkey.

President Tusk also reiterated the need for the EU to regain the control of its external borders and to effectively proceed to the registration of migrants.

Justice and Home Affairs Council

Ministers adopted conclusions defining further measures to handle the refugee and migration crisis. These focus on:

  • speeding up the ongoing relocation process
  • strengthening the EU's external borders
  • fighting human trafficking and smuggling
  • improving return and readmission

The Council supported the Presidency decision to update the Integrated Political Crisis Response to full activation mode.

EU Council presidency activates IPCR to step up information sharing

The Luxembourg presidency decided to trigger the integrated political crisis response (IPCR) arrangements on an information sharing mode. EU member states and institutions are requested to continuously share updated information on the situation on the ground via a common web platform. The Commission and the EEAS will provide regular integrated analysis of the information provided.

The aim is to monitor the development of migratory flows, to support decision-making and to better implement the agreed measures.

Foreign Affairs Council on development

EU Ministers had an in-depth debate on migration, focusing on development cooperation. They agreed to strengthen cooperation with third countries to address the common challenges currently facing Europe and its partner countries.

Meeting on the Western Balkans migration route

Leaders representing Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Romania, Serbia and Slovenia agreed on a 17-point plan of action to improve cooperation between the countries along the Western Balkans migration route to tackle the refugee crisis in the region.

European Council

EU leaders agreed on a series of priorities:

  • cooperation with countries of origin and transit: they welcomed the agreement on an EU-Turkey joint action plan and agreed to achieve concrete operational measures at the upcoming Valletta Summit
  • strengthening the EU's external borders: including through an integrated border management system that will go beyond the current Frontex mandate and the addition of hundreds more border guards to secure the hotspot areas in Greece and Italy
  • return and readmission: improve implementation under existing legislation and agreements and enhance the role of Frontex

Foreign Affairs Council

EU foreign ministers discussed the external aspects of migration. The Council adopted conclusions to feed into the discussions of the European Council meeting on 15 October.

Justice and Home Affairs Council

The Council discussed the future management of the EU's external borders, and adopted conclusions on the future of the return policy.

Eastern Mediterranean - Western Balkans route conference

EU ministers for home affairs and for foreign affairs met with their counterparts from Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan and the Western Balkans. The associated countries, Switzerland, Norway, Liechtenstein and Iceland also attended.

The conference aimed to enhance engagement among all partners, increasing solidarity and ensuring an orderly management of refugee and migration flows. It adopted a declaration.

EUNAVFOR Med: agreement to start the active phase of the operation

The Political and Security Committee agreed to start the first step of phase 2 of the operation against human smugglers as of 7 October 2015. This will allow to conduct boarding, search, seizure and diversion on high seas of suspicious vessels, within international law.

They also agreed to rename the operation "Sophia", after the name given to the baby born on a ship participating in the operation.

Informal meeting of heads of state or government

EU leaders agreed on a series of priorities for action:

  • responding to the urgent needs of refugees through assistance to the UNHCR, World Food Programme, Lebanon, Jordan, Turkey and other countries
  • assisting the Western Balkan countries in handling refugee flows
  • addressing the root causes of irregular migration in Africa
  • tackling the situation at the EU external borders
  • supporting front-line member states through the establishment of hotspots and ensuring relocation and return

They also discussed how to address long term migratory challenges and called for renewed diplomatic efforts regarding Syria and Libya.

Justice and Home Affairs Council on migration

The Council adopted a decision establishing a temporary and exceptional relocation mechanism from Italy and Greece to other member states. This mechanism will apply to 120 000 persons in clear need of international protection.

Justice and Home Affairs Council on migration

The Council adopted the final decision establishing a temporary and exceptional relocation mechanism from Italy and Greece to other member states. This mechanism will apply to 40 000 persons in clear need of international protection.

The Presidency drew up a set of conclusions which presented a course of action to deal with the migratory crisis.

EUNAVFOR Med: Council adopts a positive assessment on conditions to move to the first step of phase 2 (high-seas)

The Council adopted a positive assessment, agreeing that conditions had been met to transition to the first step of phase 2. This assessment was part of the formal steps required in the process of transitioning the operation to phase 2 on high seas.

European Commission second package of proposals

Delivering on the European agenda on migration presented in May, the European Commission put forward a second package of proposals to address the refugee crisis:

  • an emergency relocation proposal for 120,000 people in clear need of international protection from frontline countries
  • a permanent relocation mechanism for all member states
  • a common European list of safe countries of origin
  • a more effective return policy
  • a guide on public procurement rules for refugee support measures
  • measures to address the external dimension of the refugee crisis
  • a trust fund for Africa

Justice and Home Affairs Council meeting

Home affairs ministers agreed on the contribution by each member state to the relocation and resettlement of persons in clear need of international protection, reaching a total of 54 760 persons.

They also adopted conclusions on the designation of certain third countries as safe countries of origin.

European Council

Based on the Commission agenda and on discussions at the Council, EU leaders agreed on a series of measures covering the following areas:

  • relocation and resettlement
  • return and readmission
  • cooperation with third countries

EUNAVFOR Med: launch of the operation

The Council launched EU NAVFOR Med, a naval operation against human smugglers and traffickers in the Mediterranean. The mission is conducted in sequential phases, with the first phase focusing on surveillance and assessment of human smuggling and trafficking networks.

Pierre Vimont appointed personal envoy for the Valletta Conference

European Council President Donald Tusk appointed ambassador Pierre Vimont to lead the preparations for the Valletta conference between EU and African countries.

Justice and Home Affairs Council meeting

At their June Council meeting, EU home affairs ministers discussed the different aspects of the European agenda on migration proposed by the European Commission and its implementation package.

Most delegations welcomed its comprehensive and cross-cutting nature, as well as its mix of immediate actions to address the current crises and the proposed long-term measures that should lead to the establishment of a true European migration policy.

European Commission first package of proposals

Following the European agenda on migration presented two weeks before, the European Commission put forward a first package of measures to address the migration crisis:

  • an emergency relocation proposal for 40 000 people in need of international protection, from Italy and Greece to other member states
  • a recommendation asking member states to resettle 20 000 people in need of international protection from outside the EU
  • an EU action plan against migrant smuggling
  • guidelines on fingerprinting
  • a public consultation on the future of the blue card directive

Foreign Affairs Council on development

Following the special meeting of the European Council on 23 April, the Council reiterated the need to enhance work on the links between migration and development. It invited the European Commission and the EEAS to work on concrete measures. 

EUNAVFOR Med: establishment of the operation

Following instructions by the European Council, the Council agreed to establish an EU military operation, EUNAVFOR Med, to break the business model of smugglers and traffickers of people in the Mediterranean.

Reinforcement of the civilian mission EUCAP Sahel Niger

The Council agreed to reinforce the scope of the EU civilian mission in Niger to support the Nigerien authorities in preventing irregular migration and combating associated crimes.

European agenda on migration

On 13 May 2015, the European Commission adopted an European agenda on migration. It underlined the need for better management of migration and stressed that it is a shared responsibility. 

The agenda covers all aspects of migration management and looks in a fully integrated manner at the internal and external aspects.

It identifies concrete actions and measures in the following four areas:

  • reducing the incentives for irregular migration
  • saving lives and securing the external borders
  • a strong asylum policy
  • a new policy on legal migration

Special meeting of the European Council

Following the tragic events in the Mediterranean in April 2015, EU heads of state and government agreed to mobilise all efforts to prevent more people from dying at sea and to address the root causes of migration. They decided to focus the response on four main areas:

  • strengthening the presence at sea
  • fighting traffickers
  • preventing illegal migratory flows
  • reinforcing internal solidarity and responsibility

EU leaders highlighted the key role of the upcoming Commission communication on a European agenda for migration and called for the organisation of the Valletta summit to discuss migration issues with African and other key countries.

They also called for a rapid reinforcement of operations Triton and Poseidon, by at least tripling their financial resources for 2015 and 2016.